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New Frontiers in Respiratory Control

E-BookPDF1 - PDF WatermarkE-Book
382 Seiten
Englisch
Springer New Yorkerschienen am10.03.20102010
Breathing is performed by the rhythmic contraction of respiratory muscles. It ma- tains homeostasis of the organism by taking in the oxygen necessary to live and work and by controlling the level of CO within the organism. At first glance, breathing 2 seems simple; however, it is produced by a complex system in the brain with various afferents and efferents. The control of breathing is of the utmost importance in s- taining life, and although more than 150 years have passed since research on brea- ing control was first begun, many unsolved mysteries still remain. Breathing is like watching the tides at a beach that are created by the vast, complex open sea. The first Oxford Conference on Modeling and Control of Breathing was held 30 years ago in September of 1978 at the University Laboratory of Physiology in Oxford, England. During this first conference, the participants engaged in a hot d- cussion on the problem of whether breathing rhythm was produced by pacemaker cells or a neural network. This was before the discovery of the Bötinger complex in the medulla, and at the time, central chemoreceptive areas were still the focus of research. This conference was an especially unforgettable moment in the dawning of the new age of respiratory research. It has since been held every 3 years in various countries around the globe and is widely appreciated as the best respiratory meeting in the world.mehr
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Produkt

KlappentextBreathing is performed by the rhythmic contraction of respiratory muscles. It ma- tains homeostasis of the organism by taking in the oxygen necessary to live and work and by controlling the level of CO within the organism. At first glance, breathing 2 seems simple; however, it is produced by a complex system in the brain with various afferents and efferents. The control of breathing is of the utmost importance in s- taining life, and although more than 150 years have passed since research on brea- ing control was first begun, many unsolved mysteries still remain. Breathing is like watching the tides at a beach that are created by the vast, complex open sea. The first Oxford Conference on Modeling and Control of Breathing was held 30 years ago in September of 1978 at the University Laboratory of Physiology in Oxford, England. During this first conference, the participants engaged in a hot d- cussion on the problem of whether breathing rhythm was produced by pacemaker cells or a neural network. This was before the discovery of the Bötinger complex in the medulla, and at the time, central chemoreceptive areas were still the focus of research. This conference was an especially unforgettable moment in the dawning of the new age of respiratory research. It has since been held every 3 years in various countries around the globe and is widely appreciated as the best respiratory meeting in the world.
Details
Weitere ISBN/GTIN9781441956927
ProduktartE-Book
EinbandartE-Book
FormatPDF
Format Hinweis1 - PDF Watermark
FormatE107
Erscheinungsjahr2010
Erscheinungsdatum10.03.2010
Auflage2010
ReiheAdvances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
Reihen-Nr.669
Seiten382 Seiten
SpracheEnglisch
Dateigrösse25648 Kbytes
IllustrationenXXVI, 382 p.
Artikel-Nr.1440864
Rubriken
Genre9200

Inhalt/Kritik

Inhaltsverzeichnis
1;Preface;6
2;Conference Proceedings;8
3;Conference Overview;14
4;Contents;20
5;Comparative Aspects;28
5.1;Evidence for a Distributed Respiratory Rhythm Generating Network in the Goldfish ( Carassius auratus);29
5.2;Fictive Lung Ventilation in the Isolated Brainstem Preparation of the Aquatic Frog, Xenopus Laevis;34
6;Development;38
6.1;Loss of Pre-Inspiratory Neuron Synchroneity in Mice with DSCAM Deficiency;39
6.2;Central Respiratory Failure in a Mouse Model Depends on the Genetic Background of the Host;44
6.3;Adrenaline Modulates on the Respiratory Network Development;48
6.4;Ontogeny of Cl- Homeostasis in Mouse Hypoglossal Nucleus;52
6.5;Anatomical Changes of Phrenic Motoneurons During Development;55
6.6;Postnatal Changes in Morphology and Dendritic Organization of Neurones Located in the Area of the Kölliker-Fuse Nucleus of Rat;59
7;Modeling;64
7.1;Geometrical Analysis of Bursting Pacemaker Neurons Generated by Computational Models: Comparison to In Vitro Pre- Bötzinger Complex Bursting Neurons;65
7.2;Origami Model for Breathing Alveoli;69
7.3;Biologically Variable Respiration as a Stochastic Process in Ventilation - a Stochastic Model Study;73
7.4;Future Perspectives - Proposal for Oxford Physiome Project;76
7.5;Homeostatic Competition: Evidence of a Serotonin- Gated Spinoparabrachial Pathway for Respiratory and Thermoregulatory Interaction;80
7.6;A Simplified Model for Explaining Negative Feedback to Beginners in Life Sciences;85
7.7;Paradoxical Potentiation of Exercise Hyperpnea Chemoreflex Model and Supports a Respiratory Optimization Model in Congestive Heart Failure Contradicts Sherrington;87
8;Respiratory rhythm generation;91
8.1;Indirect Opioid Actions on Inspiratory pre-Bötzinger Complex Neurons in Newborn Rat Brainstem Slices;92
8.2;Multiphoton/Confocal Ca2+-Imaging of Inspiratory pre- Bötzinger Complex Neurons at the Rostral or Caudal Surface of Newborn Rat Brainstem Slices;97
8.3;Phox2b Expressing Neurons in the Most Rostral Medulla of Newborn Rats;102
8.4;Depression by Ca2+ and Stimulation by K+ of Fictive Inspiratory Rhythm in Newborn Rat Brainstem Slices;106
8.5;Glycinergic Interneurons in the Respiratory Network of the Rhythmic Slice Preparation;111
9;Neuromodulation;115
9.1;Cholinergic Sensitivity of the Developing Bullfrog ( Rana catesbeiana) Does Not Explain Vulnerability to Chronic Nicotine Exposure;116
9.2;Modulation of Respiratory Activity by Hypocretin-1 ( Orexin A) In Situ and In Vitro;121
9.3;Effect of JM-1232(-), a New Sedative on Central Respiratory Activity in Newborn Rats;126
9.4;PACAP Modulates the Respiratory Rhythm Generated in the Brainstem Slice Preparation;130
9.5;Caffeine Reversal of Opioid-Evoked and Endogenous Inspiratory Depression in Perinatal Rat En Bloc Medullas and Slices;134
9.6;Acute Morphine Effects on Respiratory Activity in Mice with Target Deletion of the Tachykinin 1 Gene ( Tac1-/-);139
10;Respiratory rhythm and motor pattern generation;143
10.1;Active Inspiratory-Expiratory Phase Switching Mechanism Exists in the Neonatal Nucleus Parabrachialis;144
10.2;Influence of 5- HT2A Receptor Blockade on Phrenic Nerve Discharge at Three Levels of Extracellular K+ in Arterially- Perfused Adult Rat;148
10.3;The Generation of Post-Inspiratory Activity in Laryngeal Motoneurons: A Review;152
10.4;Plasticity of Respiratory Rhythm-Generating Mechanisms in Adult Goats;159
10.5;Abdominal Respiratory Motor Pattern in the Rat;164
10.6;What Does the Multi-peaked Respiratory Output Pattern Tell Us About the Respiratory Pattern Generating Neuronal Network?;169
10.7;The Diaphragm: a Hidden but Essential Organ for the Mammal and the Human;173
10.8;Upper Airway and Abdominal Motor Output During Sneezing: Is the In Vivo Decererate Rat an Adequate Model?;178
10.9;Laudanosine has No Effects on Respiratory Activity but Induces Non- Respiratory Excitement Activity in Isolated Brainstem- Spinal Cord Preparation of Neonatal Rats;182
10.10;Influence of Extracellular [K+] on Inspiratory Network Complexity of Phrenic and Hypoglossal Nerve Discharge in Arterially-Perfused Adult Rat;186
10.11;Bilateral Lesions of Pontine Kölliker-Fuse Nuclei Provoke Apnea instead of Apneusis in Anesthetized Adult Rats;190
10.12;Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 2-Immunoreactive Synapses onto Phrenic Motoneurons in the Neonatal Rat;194
11;Hypoxic sensing;198
11.1;Hypoxic Responses of Arterial Chemoreceptors in Rabbits are Primarily Mediated by Leak K Channels;199
11.2;Halothane and Sevoflurane Exert Different Degrees of Inhibition on Carotid Body Glomus Cell Intracellular Ca2+ Response to Hypoxia;204
11.3;Differential Effects of Halothane and Isoflurane on Carotid Body Glomus Cell Intracellular Ca2+ and Background K+ Channel Responses to Hypoxia;208
11.4; Hypoxic Ventilatory Decline in the Intracellular Ca2+ Response to Sustained Isocapnic Hypoxia in Carotid Body Glomus Cells;212
11.5;Intracellular Diffusion of Oxygen and Hypoxic Sensing: Role of Mitochondrial Respiration;216
12;Integrative aspect of control of breathing;221
12.1;Measuring the Hypoxic Ventilatory Response;222
12.2;Multiple Pathways to Long-Lasting Phrenic Motor Facilitation;226
12.3;Phase Relations Between Rhythmical Movements and Breathing in Wind Instrument Players;232
12.4;Circadian Changes in Respiratory Responses to Acute Hypoxia and Histamine H1 Receptors in Mice;236
12.5;Chemical Control of Airway and Ventilatory Responses Mediated Via Dorsomedial Medullary 5- HT2 Receptors;240
12.6;Hypothalamic Modulation of Breathing;244
12.7;Rapid Increase to Double Breathing Rate Appears During REM Sleep in Synchrony with REM - A Higher CNS Control of Breathing? -;249
12.8;The Diaphragmatic Activities During Trunk Movements;253
13;Sleep apnea;257
13.1;GABAergic and Glycinergic Control of Upper Airway Motoneurons in Rapid Eye Movement Sleep;258
13.2;Antioxidant Treatment Does Not Prevent Chronic Hypoxia- Induced Respiratory Muscle Impairment in Developing Rats;262
13.3;Respiratory Plasticity in the Behaving Rat Following Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia;266
13.4;Cardiorespiratory Alterations Induced by Intermittent Hypoxia in a Rat Model of Sleep Apnea;270
13.5;Model-Based Studies of Autonomic and Metabolic Dysfunction in Sleep Apnea;274
13.6;Noradrenergic Control of Trigeminal Motoneurons in Sleep: Relevance to Sleep Apnea;279
13.7;Intermittent Hypoxia Impairs Pharyngeal Dilator Muscle Function in Male But Not Female Rats;283
13.8;Sleep Loss Reduces Respiratory Motor Plasticity;286
13.9;Role of Neurotrophic Signaling Pathways in Regulating Respiratory Motor Plasticity;290
13.10;Repeated Obstructive Apneas Induce Long-term Facilitation of Genioglossus Muscle Tone;294
13.11;Mouse Models of Apnea: Strain Differences in Apnea Expression and its Pharmacologic and Genetic Modification;299
14;Muscle and exercise;304
14.1;Influence of Cycling History on the Ventilatory Response to Cycle-Ergometry in Humans: A Role for Respiratory Memory?;305
14.2;Low pH Enhances Response of Thin Muscle Afferents to Mechanical Stimuli;309
14.3;Effects of Deconditioning on the Initial Ventilatory and Circulatory Responses at the Onset of Exercise in Man;313
14.4;Kinetics of the Ventilatory and Metabolic Responses to Moderate-Intensity Exercise in Humans following Prior Exercise-Induced Metabolic Acidaemia;317
15;Higher brain function and dyspnea;321
15.1;Characteristics of Respiratory Pattern and Anxiety in Rhythmic Gymnasts;322
15.2;Effects of Hypocapnia on Spontaneous Burst Activity in the Piriform- Amygdala Complex of Newborn Rat Brain Preparations In Vitro;326
15.3;Breathing and Noh: Emotional Breathing;330
15.4;Patterns of Brain Activity in Response to Respiratory Stimulation in Patients with Idiopathic Hyperventilation (IHV).;334
15.5;Respiratory Response toward Olfactory Stimuli might be an Index for Odor- Induced Emotion and Recognition;339
15.6;Periaqueductal Gray Control of Breathing;345
16;Author Index;351
17;Subject Index;359mehr
Kritik
From the review:"This volume in the Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology series is an account of the proceedings of the XIth annual Oxford conference on modeling and control of breathing, which focused on respiratory control, held in Nara City, Japan, in 2009. ... The book is very useful for specialists in pulmonary medicine and sleep disorders. It will be welcomed by the attendees of the conference and researchers in the fields of respiratory control, sleep disorders, exercise and respiratory control, respiratory muscle function, and respiratory failure." (K. P. Ravikrishnan, Doody's Review Service, July, 2010)mehr