Hugendubel.info - Die B2B Online-Buchhandlung 

Merkliste
Die Merkliste ist leer.
Bitte warten - die Druckansicht der Seite wird vorbereitet.
Der Druckdialog öffnet sich, sobald die Seite vollständig geladen wurde.
Sollte die Druckvorschau unvollständig sein, bitte schliessen und "Erneut drucken" wählen.

Handbook of Social Psychology

E-BookPDF1 - PDF WatermarkE-Book
649 Seiten
Englisch
Springer Netherlandserschienen am13.08.20132nd ed. 2013
This handbook provides a broad overview of the field of social psychology and up-to-date coverage of current social psychological topics. It reflects the recent and substantial development of the field, both with regard to theory and empirical research. It starts out by covering major theoretical perspectives, including the inter actionist, identity, social exchange, social structure and the person perspectives. Next, it discusses development and socialization in childhood, adolescence and adulthood. In addition to updated discussions of topics that were included in the first edition, the part examining personal processes includes entirely new topics, such as social psychology and the body and individual agency and social motivation. Interpersonal processes are discussed from a contemporary perspective with a focus on stress and health. The final section examines the person in sociocultural context and includes another topic new to the second edition, the social psychology of race and gender and intersectionality.


John DeLamater brings a broad, biopsychosocial perspective to the study of sexuality through the life course. His recent work has focused on changes in sexual functioning associated with age. He has published papers on sexual desire and sexual behavior in persons aged 45 to 75+ and a paper on sexual satisfaction using data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (ages 62-67). His recent work considers influences on frequency of sexual activity and cessation of sexual activity among persons 57 to 85. A major review and synthesis of research on sexuality in later life appears in the Annual Review of Sex Research, 2012. He co-edited Sex for Life: From virginity to Viagra, how sexuality changes throughout our lives, NYU press. DeLamater was awarded the Alfred E. Kinsey Award for Distinguished Contributions to the field of sex research by the Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality. He is the co-author of a primary text in social psychology and another on sexuality.mehr
Verfügbare Formate
BuchGebunden
EUR160,49
E-BookPDF1 - PDF WatermarkE-Book
EUR96,29
E-BookPDF1 - PDF WatermarkE-Book
EUR96,29

Produkt

KlappentextThis handbook provides a broad overview of the field of social psychology and up-to-date coverage of current social psychological topics. It reflects the recent and substantial development of the field, both with regard to theory and empirical research. It starts out by covering major theoretical perspectives, including the inter actionist, identity, social exchange, social structure and the person perspectives. Next, it discusses development and socialization in childhood, adolescence and adulthood. In addition to updated discussions of topics that were included in the first edition, the part examining personal processes includes entirely new topics, such as social psychology and the body and individual agency and social motivation. Interpersonal processes are discussed from a contemporary perspective with a focus on stress and health. The final section examines the person in sociocultural context and includes another topic new to the second edition, the social psychology of race and gender and intersectionality.


John DeLamater brings a broad, biopsychosocial perspective to the study of sexuality through the life course. His recent work has focused on changes in sexual functioning associated with age. He has published papers on sexual desire and sexual behavior in persons aged 45 to 75+ and a paper on sexual satisfaction using data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (ages 62-67). His recent work considers influences on frequency of sexual activity and cessation of sexual activity among persons 57 to 85. A major review and synthesis of research on sexuality in later life appears in the Annual Review of Sex Research, 2012. He co-edited Sex for Life: From virginity to Viagra, how sexuality changes throughout our lives, NYU press. DeLamater was awarded the Alfred E. Kinsey Award for Distinguished Contributions to the field of sex research by the Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality. He is the co-author of a primary text in social psychology and another on sexuality.
Details
Weitere ISBN/GTIN9789400767720
ProduktartE-Book
EinbandartE-Book
FormatPDF
Format Hinweis1 - PDF Watermark
FormatE107
Erscheinungsjahr2013
Erscheinungsdatum13.08.2013
Auflage2nd ed. 2013
ReiheHandbooks of Sociology and Social Research
Seiten649 Seiten
SpracheEnglisch
IllustrationenXII, 649 p. 7 illus.
Artikel-Nr.1539723
Rubriken
Genre9200

Inhalt/Kritik

Inhaltsverzeichnis
1;Preface (Reprinted From First Edition);6
1.1; The Vision;6
1.2; The Goals;7
1.3; The Field of Social Psychology;7
2;Contents;10
3;Introduction;12
4;Part I: Theoretical Perspectives;14
4.1;Chapter 1: Interactionist Perspectives in Social Psychology;15
4.1.1;Introduction 1;15
4.1.2; Core Themes of Symbolic Interactionism;15
4.1.2.1;Exhi bit 1.1 Core Themes of Symbolic Interaction;16
4.1.2.2; Original Themes;16
4.1.2.3; Elaborations of Symbolic Interactionism;18
4.1.2.3.1;European Influences;18
4.1.2.3.1.1;Neo-Kantian Relativism;18
4.1.2.3.1.2;Evolutionism;19
4.1.2.3.2; Early American Philosophy;19
4.1.2.3.2.1;Cambridge-Style Pragmatism;19
4.1.2.3.2.2;Chicago-Style Pragmatism;20
4.1.2.3.3; Early American Psychology;20
4.1.2.3.4; Early American Sociology;21
4.1.2.3.4.1;University of Michigan;21
4.1.2.3.4.2;University of Chicago;22
4.1.2.4; Classical Symbolic Interactionism;23
4.1.2.4.1;University of Chicago;23
4.1.2.4.2; Neo-Chicago;24
4.1.2.4.3; Beyond Chicago;24
4.1.2.4.4; Common Developments;24
4.1.2.4.5; Common Themes;26
4.1.3; Some Key Concepts of Symbolic Interactionism 13;26
4.1.4; Some Traditions Within Symbolic Interactionism 14;28
4.1.4.1;Process Tradition of Symbolic Interactionism;28
4.1.4.2; Structural Tradition of Symbolic Interactionism;29
4.1.4.3; Dramaturgical Tradition of Symbolic Interactionism;31
4.1.4.4; Postmodern Tradition of Symbolic Interactionism;32
4.1.5; Recent Developments in Symbolic Interactionism 15;33
4.1.5.1;Developments;33
4.1.5.2; Current Themes of Symbolic Interaction;34
4.1.6; Future Directions;35
4.1.7;References;36
4.2;Chapter 2: Identity Theory;42
4.2.1;Introduction;42
4.2.1.1;Symbolic Interactionism;43
4.2.1.2; Structural Symbolic Interactionism;44
4.2.2; Key Concepts in Identity Theory;45
4.2.2.1;An Identity;45
4.2.2.2; Verification;46
4.2.2.3; Salience;47
4.2.2.4; Commitment;47
4.2.2.5; Centrality/Prominence;48
4.2.2.6; Resources;48
4.2.2.7; Bases of Identities;49
4.2.3; Methods;50
4.2.3.1;Survey Research;50
4.2.3.2; Laboratory Research;51
4.2.4; Measurement;52
4.2.4.1;An Identity;52
4.2.4.2; Verification;52
4.2.4.3; Salience;53
4.2.4.4; Commitment;53
4.2.4.5; Centrality/Prominence;53
4.2.4.6; Resources;53
4.2.5; Multiple Identities;54
4.2.5.1;Internal Perspective;54
4.2.5.1.1;Control Hierarchy;54
4.2.5.1.2; Salience Hierarchy;54
4.2.5.2; External Perspective;55
4.2.5.2.1;Roles;55
4.2.5.2.2; Groups;56
4.2.6; Identities and Emotion;56
4.2.7; Identity Change;58
4.2.8; Bridging to Other Sociological Areas;60
4.2.8.1;Sociology of Crime and Law;60
4.2.8.1.1;Violence Research;60
4.2.8.1.2; Law;61
4.2.8.2; Sociology of Education;61
4.2.8.3; Sociology of Race/Ethnicity;62
4.2.9; Future Directions;62
4.2.9.1;Substantive Areas of Investigation;63
4.2.9.1.1;Situational Factors;63
4.2.9.1.2; Identity Formation and Change;63
4.2.9.1.3; Negative/Stigmatized Identities;63
4.2.9.1.4; Social Movement Activity;64
4.2.9.2; Bridging to Other Theories;65
4.2.9.2.1;Affect Control Theory;65
4.2.9.2.2; Expectation States Theory;65
4.2.9.2.3; Exchange Theory;66
4.2.9.2.4; Social Identity Theory;66
4.2.10; Conclusion;67
4.2.11;References;68
4.3;Chapter 3: Social Exchange Theory;72
4.3.1;Introduction;72
4.3.2; Social Behavior as Exchange;73
4.3.3; The Structure of Social Exchange;75
4.3.4; Exchange Relations, Networks and Power;75
4.3.5; Exchange, Power and Status;78
4.3.6; Exchange, Fairness, and Commitment;79
4.3.6.1;Fairness;79
4.3.6.2; Commitment;80
4.3.7; Emotion and Exchange;83
4.3.8; Relational Cohesion, Solidarity, and Micro Social Order;83
4.3.9; A Theory of Reciprocity in Exchange Relations;85
4.3.10; Collective Action and Social Exchange;86
4.3.11; Methodology and Social Exchange;89
4.3.12; Future Directions: Linkages to Economic Sociology and the Study of Networks;92
4.3.13;References;95
4.4;Chapter 4: Social Structure and Personality;100
4.4.1;Introduction;100
4.4.2; The Three Faces of Social Psychology Revisited;101
4.4.3; The Basic Elements of Social Structure and Personality;101
4.4.4; The Three Principles of SSP;105
4.4.5; Classic Examples of Social Structure and Personality;106
4.4.5.1;Modernization and the Individual;106
4.4.5.2; Occupational Conditions and Psychological Functioning;109
4.4.6; Contemporary Research in the SSP Tradition;110
4.4.6.1;Culture and Psyche: Cross-National Differences in Personality;111
4.4.6.2; Social Class Differences in Personality;113
4.4.7; The Structural Origins of Culture: Culture, Complexity, and the Proximity Principle;115
4.4.8; Challenges of a Cultural Explanation for Behavior;117
4.4.9; Methodological Requirements of SSP;120
4.4.10; Conclusion;121
4.4.11;References;121
5;Part II: Development and Socialization;127
5.1;Chapter 5: Socialization in Childhood and Adolescence;128
5.1.1;Introduction;128
5.1.2; Socialization Theory;129
5.1.2.1;Theorizing Childhood and Adolescence;129
5.1.2.1.1;How Socialization Occurs;129
5.1.2.1.2; Socialization Over the Life Course;130
5.1.2.1.3; Stage Theories;130
5.1.2.1.4; Socio-Historical Time;132
5.1.2.1.5; Children;132
5.1.2.1.6; Adolescence;133
5.1.3; Methods of Inquiry for Studying Young People;134
5.1.3.1;Experiments;134
5.1.3.2; Survey Methods;135
5.1.3.3; Ethnographic and Observation Research;136
5.1.3.4; Interviewing;136
5.1.3.4.1;Mixed Methods Research;137
5.1.4; Contexts of Socialization;137
5.1.4.1;Families;137
5.1.4.2; Friendships, Peer Groups, Subcultures, and Social Networks;138
5.1.4.3; Schools, Schooling, and Work;139
5.1.4.4; Communities and Neighborhoods;139
5.1.4.5; Social and Cultural Forces;140
5.1.4.5.1;Cultural Variation;140
5.1.4.5.2; Mass and Social Media;141
5.1.5; The Influence of Socialization on Later Life Experiences;141
5.1.5.1;Adolescent Identity;141
5.1.5.1.1;Identity Development Among Marginalized Youth;142
5.1.5.2; Behavioral Outcomes;144
5.1.5.2.1;Romantic Relationships and Onset of Sexual Behavior;144
5.1.5.2.2; Delinquent Behavior;144
5.1.5.3; Education and Career Outcomes;145
5.1.5.3.1;Class and Racial-Ethnic Differences;145
5.1.5.3.2;Developing and Aligning Ambitions;146
5.1.5.3.3;Gendered Differences;147
5.1.6; New Research Directions;147
5.1.7;References;149
5.2;Chapter 6: Socialization for Primary, Intimate, and Work Relationships in the Adult Life Course;159
5.2.1;Introduction;159
5.2.2; Conceptual and Methodological Approaches;160
5.2.3; Socialization for Adult Primary Relationships and Intimacy;162
5.2.3.1;Defining Key Terms;162
5.2.3.2; Developing Gender and Sexual Identities;163
5.2.3.3; Gender and Sexual Norms;163
5.2.3.4; Gender Socialization;164
5.2.3.5; Theories of Gender Identity Development;165
5.2.3.5.1;Psychoanalytic Theories;165
5.2.3.5.2; Social Learning Theories;165
5.2.3.5.3; Cognitive Development Theories;166
5.2.3.5.4; Adolescence;167
5.2.3.5.5; Puberty;167
5.2.3.5.6; Sexuality Education;168
5.2.3.5.7; Deviation from Gender and Sexual Norms;169
5.2.3.5.8; Developing a Gay or Lesbian Identity;170
5.2.3.6; Development of Intimate Relationships;171
5.2.3.6.1;The Influence of Relationships in Early Childhood;171
5.2.3.6.2; Relationships in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood;171
5.2.3.6.3; The Influence of Media;172
5.2.3.6.4; Dating and Sexuality;172
5.2.3.7; Socialization in More Stable Relationship Contexts;174
5.2.3.7.1;Heterosexual Marriage and Cohabitation;175
5.2.3.7.2; Same Sex Marriage and Cohabitation;175
5.2.3.8; Socialization to Parenthood;176
5.2.3.9; Socialization in Contexts of Relationship Dissolution;177
5.2.3.9.1;Divorce;177
5.2.3.9.2;Death of a Spouse;177
5.2.3.9.3;Nonmarital Relationship Dissolution;178
5.2.3.9.4;The Role of Technology in Relationship Dissolution;178
5.2.4; Socialization for Work;178
5.2.4.1;Historical Context;178
5.2.4.2; Socialization to Work in the Family of Origin;179
5.2.4.3; Socialization in the Teen Workplace;180
5.2.4.4; Delayed Vocational Development and the Erosion of Socialization for Work;181
5.2.4.5; Socialization for Work in Post-­secondary Educational Settings;182
5.2.4.6; Socialization for Work in the Early Occupational Career;183
5.2.5; Socialization for Balancing Work and Family;184
5.2.6; Discussion and Conclusion;185
5.2.7;References;188
6;Part III: Personal Processes;196
6.1;Chapter 7: Social Psychology and the Body;197
6.1.1;Introduction;197
6.1.2; Key Concepts;199
6.1.3; Early Theoretical Approaches;201
6.1.3.1;Classical Sociology;201
6.1.3.2; Pragmatism and Early Social Psychology;201
6.1.3.3; Evolutionary Theories, Sociobiology, and Social Psychology;202
6.1.3.4; Revival of Sociological Theories and Empirical Inquiry;203
6.1.4; Theorizing the Body in Contemporary Social Psychology;204
6.1.4.1;Evolutionary Social Psychology;205
6.1.4.2; Symbolic Interactionism;206
6.1.4.3; Expectation States Theory, Stigma and Embodied Difference;208
6.1.5; Notable Research;209
6.1.5.1;Culture, Socialization, and the Body;209
6.1.5.2; Self Evaluation;210
6.1.5.3; Cultural Schema and Scripting;211
6.1.5.4; Body Work;211
6.1.5.5; Emotion and Emotional Labor;212
6.1.5.6; Sexuality and Gender;213
6.1.5.7; Gender as Socially Constructed;213
6.1.5.8; Gendered Sexuality;215
6.1.5.9; Health, Ability and Aging;216
6.1.5.10; Stigma, Identity Work, and Social Interaction;216
6.1.5.11; Interaction and Social Support;218
6.1.5.12; Cultural Differences in Health and Illness;218
6.1.6; Methodological Trends;219
6.1.7; The State of the Field and Future Directions;220
6.1.8;References;222
6.2;Chapter 8: Self and Self-Concept;231
6.2.1;Self and Self-Concept: Philosophical Foundations;231
6.2.2; Self and Self-Concept: Some Distinctions and Definitions;232
6.2.3; Self and Self-Concept: Theory and Research;234
6.2.3.1;Self-Concept as Social Product and Social Force;235
6.2.3.1.1;The Self as a Social Force;236
6.2.3.1.2; The Self as a Social Product;237
6.2.3.1.3; The Self as a Social Force and Product;238
6.2.3.2; Self-Presentation Theory: Explicitly Linking Self-Concept as a Social Product and a Social Force;240
6.2.3.3; Some New and Under-Researched Concepts Important to the Self;243
6.2.3.3.1;Mattering;243
6.2.3.3.2; Comfort with the Self;245
6.2.4; Methods in Researching Self and Self-Concept;247
6.2.4.1;Survey Research;247
6.2.4.1.1;Longitudinal Surveys;247
6.2.4.1.2;Cross-Sectional Surveys;248
6.2.4.2; Field Research;249
6.2.4.3; Laboratory Research;249
6.2.5; Conclusion;249
6.2.6;References;250
6.3;Chapter 9: Language Use and Social Interaction;256
6.3.1;Language in Social Psychology;257
6.3.2; Language Use and Action;258
6.3.2.1;Speech Act Theory;258
6.3.2.2; Language Use as a Form of Life;259
6.3.2.3; The Mapping Problem;260
6.3.3; Sociolinguistics and Discourse Analysis;261
6.3.3.1;Sociolinguistics;261
6.3.3.1.1;Methodology in Sociolinguistics;262
6.3.3.2; Discourse Analysis;262
6.3.4; Goffman and Frame Analysis;264
6.3.5; Discursive Psychology;266
6.3.5.1;Accounts of Courses of Action;266
6.3.5.2; Accounts of Mental and Emotional States;266
6.3.5.3; Accounts of Identity;267
6.3.5.4; Methodology in Discursive Psychology;267
6.3.6; Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis;268
6.3.6.1;The Transition to Conversation Analysis;268
6.3.6.2; Organization of Sequences: Adjacency Pairs;269
6.3.6.3; Other Kinds of Sequence Organization;270
6.3.6.3.1;Turn-Taking;270
6.3.6.3.2; Repair Sequences;270
6.3.6.3.3; Overall Structural Organization;271
6.3.6.4; Conversational Epistemics;271
6.3.6.4.1;Methodology in Conversation Analysis;272
6.3.7; Language Use, Action, and Social Structure;272
6.3.7.1;Macrodirectional Approach: Social Categories and Language Use;273
6.3.7.1.1;Social Class;273
6.3.7.1.2; Gender;273
6.3.7.2; Talk and Social Structure: Dialectics and Reflexivity;274
6.3.7.2.1;Dialectics;274
6.3.7.2.2; Reflexivity;275
6.3.7.2.3; Race and Gender as Categories-in-Interaction;276
6.3.8; Conclusion;277
6.3.9;References;278
6.4;Chapter 10: Motivation, Motives, and Individual Agency;285
6.4.1;Introduction;285
6.4.2; Non-sociological Theories of Motivation;287
6.4.2.1;Evolutionary Approaches to Motivation;287
6.4.2.2; Economic/Rational Actor Approaches to Motivation;287
6.4.2.3; Psychological Approaches to Motivation;288
6.4.3; Sociological Theories of Motivation;290
6.4.3.1;Mills´ Vocabularies of Motive;291
6.4.3.2; Reactions to Mills´ Vocabulary of Motives and Expansions of Mills´ Framework;292
6.4.3.3; Research Utilizing Mills´ Vocabulary of Motives;296
6.4.3.3.1;Vocabularies of Motive in Deviance;297
6.4.3.3.2; Vocabularies of Motive in Relationships;300
6.4.3.3.3; Vocabularies of Motive in Social Movements and Social Institutions;301
6.4.3.3.4; Conclusions About Vocabulary of Motives Applications;302
6.4.3.4; Understanding Social Motivation;303
6.4.3.4.1;Defining Social Motivation;303
6.4.3.4.2; The Role of Individual Agency and Resistance in Social Motivation;304
6.4.4; A Review of Specific Motives and Their Effects on Behavior;305
6.4.4.1;Understanding Motive to Understand Motivation;305
6.4.4.2; Specific Motivations and Motives;307
6.4.4.2.1;Altruism;307
6.4.4.2.2; Trust;308
6.4.4.3; Methodological Issues;309
6.4.5; Individual Agency;310
6.4.5.1;Understanding Agency;310
6.4.5.1.1;Awareness and Performance of Self;311
6.4.5.1.2; The Search for Authenticity;311
6.4.5.1.3; The Social Construction of Reality;312
6.4.5.1.4; Individuals as Agents of Change;312
6.4.5.2; The Interplay Between Social Structure and Individual Agency;313
6.4.6; Conclusion/Discussion;314
6.4.6.1;The Influence of Structure on Agency and the Influence of Agency on Structure;314
6.4.6.2; Directions for Future Theoretical and Empirical Work;314
6.4.7;References;316
6.5;Chapter 11: Values, Attitudes, and Ideologies: Explicit and Implicit Constructs Shaping Perception and Action;323
6.5.1;Introduction: A Sociological Map;323
6.5.2; Definitions;324
6.5.3; Core Issues: Influences, Measurement and Application;325
6.5.3.1;Values;325
6.5.3.2; Attitudes;328
6.5.3.3; Ideologies;334
6.5.4; Conclusion;336
6.5.5;References;336
6.6;Chapter 12: Emotions;344
6.6.1;Why Study Emotions?;344
6.6.2; Definitions: Emotions, Sentiments, Moods, and Feelings;345
6.6.3; Typologizing Emotions;346
6.6.4; Methods and Measures in the Study of Emotions;348
6.6.5; Biology, Culture, and Emotional Experience;350
6.6.6; Theoretical Approaches to Emotions;350
6.6.6.1;Classical Sociological Theory and Emotions;351
6.6.6.2; Social Structural Approaches to Emotions;351
6.6.6.3; Emotion Management and Emotional Labor;353
6.6.6.4; Identity Theory and Emotions;356
6.6.6.5; Varieties of Interactional Theory and Emotions;358
6.6.6.6; Phenomenological Approaches to Emotions;360
6.6.6.7; Social Exchange and Emotions;361
6.6.6.8; Evolutionary Social Psychological Theories of Emotions;362
6.6.7; Recent Theoretical Developments;364
6.6.7.1;Emotions as Performance;364
6.6.7.2; Theorizing the Effects of Physical Spaces on Emotional Experiences;365
6.6.8; Conclusion: Directions for Future Research;366
6.6.9;References;366
7;Part IV: Interpersonal Processes;371
7.1;Chapter 13: Intimate Relationships;372
7.1.1;Methods;372
7.1.2; The Centrality of Romantic Ties;373
7.1.3; Attachment Theory;374
7.1.4; Basic Relationship Processes: Initial Attraction;375
7.1.5; Relationship Satisfaction;377
7.1.6; Relationship Stability;379
7.1.7; Social Cognition;380
7.1.8; Relationships and Health;382
7.1.9; Jealousy and Infidelity;384
7.1.9.1;Infidelity;385
7.1.10; Intimate Partner Violence;387
7.1.11; Breakups and Divorce;388
7.1.12; Alternative Relationships: Nonmarital Cohabitation;391
7.1.13; Same-Sex Couples;394
7.1.13.1;Lack of Opportunities for Legal Formalization;396
7.1.14; Magnification of Gender-Related Emotional Dynamics;398
7.1.15; Directions for Future Research: Greater Integration of Relationship Research and Sexuality Research;398
7.1.16; Conclusion;400
7.1.17;References;400
7.2;Chapter 14: Interaction in Small Groups;413
7.2.1;Introduction;413
7.2.2; Methodological Approaches;414
7.2.3; Power, Status, and Leadership;415
7.2.3.1;Role Differentiation;415
7.2.3.2; Status Structures;416
7.2.3.3; Leadership;417
7.2.3.4; Gender and Leadership;418
7.2.3.5; Current Directions in Leadership;419
7.2.4; Processes of Inclusion and Exclusion in Groups;420
7.2.4.1;Inclusion Processes in Groups;420
7.2.4.1.1;Impact of Cohesion;421
7.2.4.1.2; Social Identity Theory;422
7.2.4.2; Processes of Exclusion in Groups;423
7.2.4.2.1;Schisms in Groups;425
7.2.4.3; Minority-Majority Influence;425
7.2.5; Motivation and Coordination;427
7.2.5.1;Process Losses and Gains;427
7.2.5.2; Transactive Memory;428
7.2.5.3; Information Exchange;429
7.2.5.3.1;Group Decision Making;429
7.2.5.3.2; Group Polarization;430
7.2.6; Conclusions;431
7.2.7;References;432
7.3;Chapter 15: Interaction in Social Networks;439
7.3.1;Introduction;439
7.3.1.1;A Social Network Perspective;440
7.3.2; Conceptual and Methodological Issues;441
7.3.2.1;Network Concepts;441
7.3.2.1.1;Density;441
7.3.2.1.2; Degree;443
7.3.2.1.3; Centrality;444
7.3.2.1.4; Tie Strength;444
7.3.2.1.5; Cliques;444
7.3.2.1.6; Transitivity;445
7.3.2.1.7; Equivalence;445
7.3.2.2; Social Network Types;445
7.3.2.3; Social Network Data Collection;446
7.3.3; Network Characteristics;446
7.3.3.1;Formation of Networks;446
7.3.3.2; Network Theory;447
7.3.3.3; Weak Ties;447
7.3.3.4; Balance, Transitivity, and Triadic Closure;448
7.3.3.5; Social Influence and Power;449
7.3.3.5.1;Network Effects Model;449
7.3.3.5.2; Structural Hole Theory;449
7.3.3.5.3; Influence and Selection;449
7.3.3.6; Social Exchange;450
7.3.4; Applications of Social Network Theories;451
7.3.4.1;Friendship and Acquaintances;451
7.3.4.1.1;Network Size and Composition;451
7.3.4.1.2; The Small World;451
7.3.4.1.3;Friendship Ties;452
7.3.4.1.4;Adolescent Sexual and Delinquent Behavior;452
7.3.4.1.5;Health;453
7.3.4.1.6;Aggression and Negative Tie Networks;454
7.3.4.1.7;Summary of Friendship, Health, Aggression, and Networks;454
7.3.4.2; Dyadic Relationships;455
7.3.4.2.1;Opportunities, Information, and Support;455
7.3.4.2.2;Relationship Stability;456
7.3.4.2.3;The Romeo and Juliet Effect ;456
7.3.4.2.4;Post Breakup or Divorce;456
7.3.4.2.5;Summary of Dyadic Relationships and Networks;457
7.3.4.2.6;Internet Networks;457
7.3.5; Future Directions;457
7.3.6; Conclusions;459
7.3.7;References;460
7.4;Chapter 16: The Social Psychology of Stress, Health, and Coping;465
7.4.1;Introduction;465
7.4.2; Core Concepts;466
7.4.2.1;Stress and Stressors;466
7.4.2.2; Stress Outcomes;467
7.4.2.3; Coping Resources and Strategies;468
7.4.3; Theoretical Perspectives;469
7.4.3.1;Role Theory;470
7.4.3.2; Fundamental Cause Theory;470
7.4.3.3; Cumulative Disadvantage Theories;471
7.4.3.4; Life Course Frameworks;471
7.4.3.5; The Stress Process Model;472
7.4.4; Research Methodologies;472
7.4.4.1;Quantitative Research Approaches;473
7.4.4.1.1;Data Sources;473
7.4.4.1.1.1;Help-Seeking Samples;473
7.4.4.1.1.2;Cross-Sectional Studies;473
7.4.4.1.1.3;Longitudinal Studies;473
7.4.4.1.1.4;Sample Surveys;474
7.4.4.1.2; Analytic Approaches;474
7.4.4.2; Measurement Issues;474
7.4.4.2.1;Stress and Stressors;474
7.4.4.2.1.1;Stressful Life Events;474
7.4.4.2.1.2;Chronic Strains;475
7.4.4.2.1.3;Daily Hassles;475
7.4.4.2.2; Stress Outcomes;475
7.4.4.2.2.1;Mental Health;476
7.4.4.2.2.2;Physical Health;477
7.4.4.2.2.3;Health Behaviors;477
7.4.4.2.3; Coping Resources;478
7.4.4.3; Qualitative Research Approaches;479
7.4.4.4; Blended-Method Approaches;479
7.4.5; Future Directions;480
7.4.5.1;Heterogeneity and Minority Stress;480
7.4.5.2; Moving Beyond the Individual;480
7.4.5.3; Reconciling Multiple Outcomes and Methods;481
7.4.5.4; Gene-Environment Influences;481
7.4.6;References;482
8;Part V: The Person in Sociocultural Context;488
8.1;Chapter 17: Social Psychology of Gender and Race;489
8.1.1;Defining Concepts;490
8.1.1.1;Defining Gender;491
8.1.1.1.1;Sex;491
8.1.1.1.2; Gender;491
8.1.1.1.3; Sexuality;492
8.1.1.2; Defining Race and Ethnicity;493
8.1.2; Politicization of Social Categories: Sexism, Racism, Ethnocentrism;494
8.1.2.1;Intersections of Gender and Race;494
8.1.3; Conceptions of Gender and Race in Social Psychology;496
8.1.3.1;Essentialism;496
8.1.3.2; Socialization;497
8.1.3.3; Social Constructionist Approaches;498
8.1.3.4; Structural Approaches;501
8.1.4; Social Psychological Theories;501
8.1.4.1;Social Exchange Theory;502
8.1.4.1.1;Justice and the Distribution of Resources;502
8.1.4.1.2; Social Exchange in Intimate Relationships;503
8.1.4.1.3; Status and Power;504
8.1.4.2; Social Cognition;506
8.1.4.2.1;Cognitive Structures;506
8.1.4.2.2; Cognitive Processes;509
8.1.4.2.2.1;Attention;509
8.1.4.2.2.2;Memory;510
8.1.4.2.2.3;Inferences;510
8.1.4.3; Symbolic Interaction;511
8.1.4.3.1;Gender and Racial Identities;511
8.1.4.3.2; Behavioral Confirmation;513
8.1.4.3.3;Resisting Social Expectations;514
8.1.5; Methodologies;515
8.1.6; Current Trends and Future Directions;517
8.1.7;References;520
8.2;Chapter 18: Intergroup Relations;530
8.2.1;Defining Intergroup Relations;530
8.2.2; Research Methods;531
8.2.3; Personality Dispositions and Individual Differences;533
8.2.3.1;Authoritarianism, Dogmatism, and Closed-Mindedness;533
8.2.3.2; Social Dominance and System Justification;534
8.2.4; Goal Relations and Interdependence;534
8.2.4.1;Realistic Conflict;535
8.2.4.2; Frustrated Ambitions;535
8.2.5; Social Categorization;536
8.2.5.1;Minimal Groups;536
8.2.5.2; Automatic Schema Activation;537
8.2.5.3; Accentuation and Illusory Correlation;537
8.2.6; Self and Social Identity;538
8.2.6.1;Social Identity Theory;538
8.2.6.2; Social Identity Processes and Phenomena;539
8.2.7; Motives and Motivation;539
8.2.7.1;Personality- and Affiliation-Related Motivations;540
8.2.7.2; Social Identity-Related Motivations;540
8.2.8; Affect and Emotion;541
8.2.9; Intergroup Attitudes;542
8.2.9.1;Stereotyping and Prejudice;542
8.2.9.2; Social Explanation;543
8.2.10; Prejudice and Discrimination;543
8.2.10.1;Attitudes and Behavior;543
8.2.10.2; Overt Discrimination;544
8.2.11; Stigma and Disadvantage;545
8.2.11.1;Deviants and Marginal Members;545
8.2.12; Collective Action and Social Protest;546
8.2.12.1;Crowds and Riots;546
8.2.12.2; Collective Action and Social Change;547
8.2.12.3; Social Protest and Active Minorities;547
8.2.13; Social Harmony Between Groups;548
8.2.13.1;Intergroup Contact;548
8.2.13.2; Categorization;549
8.2.13.3; Diversity;550
8.2.13.4; Leadership;550
8.2.14; Concluding Comments;550
8.2.15;References;551
8.3;Chapter 19: Social Psychological Perspectives on Deviance;559
8.3.1;The Nature of Deviance;560
8.3.2; Defining Deviance;562
8.3.3; Motivation to Deviate;565
8.3.3.1;Motivation to Deviate from Conventional Norms;566
8.3.3.2; Motivation to Conform to Deviant Norms;569
8.3.4; Acting on Deviant Motives;572
8.3.4.1;Counteracting Motives;572
8.3.4.2; Opportunities;575
8.3.5; (Dis)Continuation of Deviant Behavior;576
8.3.5.1;Positive Reinforcement of Deviant Behavior;578
8.3.5.1.1;Deviant Acts and Need Satisfaction;578
8.3.5.1.2; Delinquent Acts and Self-Justification;579
8.3.5.2; Weakening of Social Controls;579
8.3.5.2.1;Limited Adverse Consequences;579
8.3.5.2.2; Decreased Attraction to Conventional Values;580
8.3.5.3; Opportunities for Deviance;580
8.3.6; Consequences of Deviance;581
8.3.6.1;Formal and Informal Social Responses;581
8.3.6.1.1;Consequences for Deterrence;582
8.3.6.1.2; Affirming Moral Standards and Group Solidarity;582
8.3.6.2; Social Functioning;583
8.3.6.3; Social Change;583
8.3.7; Social Psychology of Deviance: Perspectives on the Future;584
8.3.8;References;587
8.4;Chapter 20: Cultural Perspectives;591
8.4.1;What Is Culture?;591
8.4.2; Themes That Characterize Cultural Patterns;592
8.4.3; Methods;593
8.4.3.1;Sample;593
8.4.3.2; Translation;594
8.4.3.3; Measures;595
8.4.4; Cultural Differences in Psychological Processes;595
8.4.4.1;Self-Concepts and Knowledge;596
8.4.4.2; Self-Representations;596
8.4.4.3; Self-Consistency;597
8.4.4.4; Motivation;598
8.4.4.5; Cognitive Dissonance;598
8.4.4.6; Adjusting Versus Influencing;598
8.4.4.7; Intrinsic Motivation;599
8.4.4.8; Self-Improvement Versus Self-Enhancement;599
8.4.4.9; Emotion;600
8.4.4.10; Relationship-Based Versus Individual-Based Models of Emotions;600
8.4.4.11; Dialectical Versus Hedonic Cultural Scripts About Positive and Negative Emotions;600
8.4.4.12; Ideal Affect and Low and High Arousal Emotions;601
8.4.4.13; Cognition;602
8.4.4.14; Attention and Perception;602
8.4.4.15; Categorization;602
8.4.4.16; Attribution;603
8.4.4.17; Communication;603
8.4.4.18; Size of Cultural Differences;604
8.4.5; Multi-level Processes Underlying Cultural Differences;604
8.4.5.1;Individual Factors;605
8.4.5.2; Manipulating Core Values and Ideas;605
8.4.5.3; Mediation by Core Values and Ideas;606
8.4.5.4; Mediation by Intersubjective Beliefs;607
8.4.5.5; Distal-Level Situational Factors;607
8.4.5.6; Ecological Threats;607
8.4.5.7; Economic Activities;608
8.4.5.8; Affluence and Social Class;608
8.4.5.9; Voluntary Settlement;609
8.4.5.10; Mobility;609
8.4.5.11; Proximal-Level Situational Factors;609
8.4.5.12; Cultural Differences in Products and Practices;610
8.4.5.13; Affordances;610
8.4.5.14; Prolonged Exposure;611
8.4.5.15; The Rocky Road from Distal-Level Situational Factors to Psychological Processes;612
8.4.6; Conclusion;613
8.4.7;References;614
9;Contributor Bios;621
10;Index;630mehr

Autor

John DeLamater brings a broad, biopsychosocial perspective to the study of sexuality through the life course. His recent work has focused on changes in sexual functioning associated with age. He has published papers on sexual desire and sexual behavior in persons aged 45 to 75+ and a paper on sexual satisfaction using data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (ages 62-67). His recent work considers influences on frequency of sexual activity and cessation of sexual activity among persons 57 to 85. A major review and synthesis of research on sexuality in later life appears in the Annual Review of Sex Research, 2012. He co-edited Sex for Life: From virginity to Viagra, how sexuality changes throughout our lives, NYU press. DeLamater was awarded the Alfred E. Kinsey Award for Distinguished Contributions to the field of sex research by the Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality. He is the co-author of a primary text in social psychology and another on sexuality.
Weitere Artikel von
Ward, Amanda
Hrsg.