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Air and Water

E-BookPDF1 - PDF WatermarkE-Book
265 Seiten
Englisch
Springer International Publishingerschienen am10.08.20171st ed. 2017
Air and water are so familiar that we all think we know them. Yet how difficult it remains to predict their behavior, with so many questions butting against the limits of our knowledge. How are cyclones, tornadoes, thunderstorms, tsunamis or floods generated - sometimes causing devastation and death? What will the weather be tomorrow, next week, next summer? This book brings some answers to these questions with a strategy of describing before explaining. Starting by considering air and water in equilibrium (i.e., at rest), it progresses to discuss dynamic phenomena first focusing on large scale structures, such as El Niño or trade winds, then on ever smaller structures, such as low-pressure zones in the atmosphere, clouds, rain, as well as tides
 and waves. It finishes by describing man-made constructions (dams, ports, power plants, etc.) that serve to domesticate our water resources and put them to work for us. 


Including over one hundred illustrations and very few equations, most of the text is accessible to readers with no more than high-school science and who are at ease with quantities such as the temperature of a fluid or the pressure within such a medium. Beyond the primary audience of engineers, teachers, and students, the book is thus also addressed to walkers, hikers, navigators, and all nature lovers. 



 



René Moreau is emeritus professor at Grenoble Institute of Technology, a member of the French Academy of Sciences, and a member of the French Academy of Technology. He is a recognized specialist in the field of fluid mechanics, notably in magnetohydrodynamics, and the author of several books and more than 150 other publications on these subjects. This book was born of his desire to share his love of nature and of his wonderment of the phenomena it displays. As he says in the prologue: In essence, I hope to give the reader feeling that I am telling a beautiful story and of transmitting a sense of my awe and wonder of it all.
From 1990 until 2012 he was the Series Editor of the Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications Bookseries, http://www.springer.com/series/5980
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Produkt

KlappentextAir and water are so familiar that we all think we know them. Yet how difficult it remains to predict their behavior, with so many questions butting against the limits of our knowledge. How are cyclones, tornadoes, thunderstorms, tsunamis or floods generated - sometimes causing devastation and death? What will the weather be tomorrow, next week, next summer? This book brings some answers to these questions with a strategy of describing before explaining. Starting by considering air and water in equilibrium (i.e., at rest), it progresses to discuss dynamic phenomena first focusing on large scale structures, such as El Niño or trade winds, then on ever smaller structures, such as low-pressure zones in the atmosphere, clouds, rain, as well as tides
 and waves. It finishes by describing man-made constructions (dams, ports, power plants, etc.) that serve to domesticate our water resources and put them to work for us. 


Including over one hundred illustrations and very few equations, most of the text is accessible to readers with no more than high-school science and who are at ease with quantities such as the temperature of a fluid or the pressure within such a medium. Beyond the primary audience of engineers, teachers, and students, the book is thus also addressed to walkers, hikers, navigators, and all nature lovers. 



 



René Moreau is emeritus professor at Grenoble Institute of Technology, a member of the French Academy of Sciences, and a member of the French Academy of Technology. He is a recognized specialist in the field of fluid mechanics, notably in magnetohydrodynamics, and the author of several books and more than 150 other publications on these subjects. This book was born of his desire to share his love of nature and of his wonderment of the phenomena it displays. As he says in the prologue: In essence, I hope to give the reader feeling that I am telling a beautiful story and of transmitting a sense of my awe and wonder of it all.
From 1990 until 2012 he was the Series Editor of the Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications Bookseries, http://www.springer.com/series/5980
Details
Weitere ISBN/GTIN9783319652153
ProduktartE-Book
EinbandartE-Book
FormatPDF
Format Hinweis1 - PDF Watermark
FormatE107
Erscheinungsjahr2017
Erscheinungsdatum10.08.2017
Auflage1st ed. 2017
Seiten265 Seiten
SpracheEnglisch
IllustrationenXVI, 265 p. 97 illus., 91 illus. in color.
Artikel-Nr.2434853
Rubriken
Genre9200

Inhalt/Kritik

Inhaltsverzeichnis
1;Reader's guide;6
2;Acknowledgments;7
3;Table of contents;8
4;Prologue;11
5;1 The atmosphere at rest;14
5.1;1. Structure of the atmosphere;15
5.2;2. Composition of the atmosphere;20
5.3;3. Propagation of waves in the atmosphere;27
5.3.1;3.1. Sound;27
5.3.2;3.2. Light;28
5.4;4. Heat exchange through the atmosphere;33
5.5;Conclusion;38
6;2 The atmosphere in movement;40
6.1;1. Large-scale circulation within the atmosphere;41
6.1.1;1.1. The trade winds, the HADLEY cell, and the subtropical jet stream;41
6.1.2;1.2. Polar cells, FERREL cell, and the polar jet stream;47
6.2;2. Low-pressure zones and cyclones;49
6.2.1;2.1. Formation and direction of rotation of atmospheric low-pressure zones;49
6.2.2;2.2. Quasi-two-dimensional structure of low-pressure zones;57
6.2.3;2.3. Trajectory and energy of depressions;62
6.3;3. Periodic phenomena in the atmosphere;66
6.3.1;3.1. Monsoons;66
6.3.2;3.2. The WALKER cell;68
6.3.3;3.3. Thermal winds, katabatic winds, and anabatic winds;68
6.3.4;3.4. Dappled skies and lee waves;72
6.4;Conclusion;74
7;3 The vagaries of the atmosphere;75
7.1;1. Birth and evolution of thunderstorms and tornados;76
7.1.1;1.1. Dynamics of thunderstorm formation;76
7.1.2;1.2. Tornado formation;79
7.2;2. Sonic and luminal signatures of thunderstorms;85
7.2.1;2.1. Lightning;85
7.2.2;2.2. Thunder;90
7.2.3;2.3. The lights of the upper atmosphere;91
7.2.4;2.4. Rainbows;93
7.3;3. The various precipitations;96
7.4;4. How are weather forecasts produced?;100
7.5;Conclusion;103
8;4 Heavier than air, how can they fly?;104
8.1;1. Lift and drag;105
8.1.1;1.1. Lift explained by pressure forces;105
8.1.2;1.2. Formation of vortices around a wing in flight;108
8.2;2. Why are airplanes so noisy?;114
8.3;3. Shock wave and sound barrier;117
8.4;Conclusion;120
9;5 The tranquil sea;121
9.1;1. The sea at rest;122
9.1.1;1.1. A first panoramic glimpse;122
9.1.2;1.2. Pressure, temperature, and salinity of seawater;125
9.1.3;1.3. The sea is neither flat nor round;129
9.2;2. Sound and light in seawater;132
9.3;3. The remarkable stability of ships;134
9.4;4. Global circulation in the oceans;137
9.5;Conclusion;142
10;6 The sea that we see dancing;143
10.1;1. The tides;144
10.2;2. The El Niño phenomenon;149
10.3;3. Swells and waves;152
10.3.1;3.1. How and why do waves propagate?;152
10.3.2;3.2. The surprising variety of waves;156
10.3.3;3.3. Ripples and convective instabilities under ice floe;162
10.4;Conclusion;164
11;7 Rivers and streams;166
11.1;1. The main properties of the great rivers;167
11.1.1;1.1. Length, depth, and speed distribution;167
11.1.2;1.2. Uniform regime;169
11.1.3;1.3. Nonuniform regimes;171
11.2;2. Curves and meanders;177
11.3;3. Waterfalls and cascades;180
11.4;Conclusion;181
12;8 Lakes, dams, and major works;183
12.1;1. From marshes to hydroelectric reservoirs;184
12.2;2. Large dams: stability and conforming to site;189
12.3;3. Management of large rivers;194
12.4;4. General structure of a hydroelectric facility;197
12.4.1;4.1. High-hydraulic head in mountainous regions;197
12.4.2;4.2. Medium hydraulic head;200
12.4.3;4.3. Facilities with small hydraulic heads;201
12.4.4;4.4. Other types of facilities;203
12.5;5. Large port facilities;203
12.6;Conclusion;206
13;Epilogue;208
13.1;1. What worries, and on what are they based?;209
13.1.1;1.1. Air pollution;210
13.1.2;1.2. Marine pollution;212
13.1.3;1.3. Freshwater resources;213
13.2;2. To conclude our journey;214
14;Appendix Instabilities and turbulence;216
14.1;1. The sudden appearance of movement;217
14.1.1;1.1. RAYLEIGH-BÉNARD instability;217
14.1.2;1.2. RAYLEIGH-TAYLOR instability;221
14.2;2. Sheared interfaces: the KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ instability;223
14.3;3. Other common vortex structures;226
14.4;4. Transition toward turbulence;229
14.4.1;4.1. Appearance of turbulence in unconfined flows;229
14.4.2;4.2. Transition toward turbulence in duct flows;231
14.4.3;4.3. Other ways to generate turbulence;232
14.5;5. Fully developed turbulence;233
14.5.1;5.1. Turbulence in the most common flows;233
14.5.2;5.2. Large-scale atmospheric turbulence;234
14.5.3;5.3. Inverse energy cascade in two-dimensional turbulence;237
14.6;Conclusion;239
15;Glossary;241
16;Index;258
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Autor

René Moreau is emeritus professor at Grenoble Institute of Technology, a member of the French Academy of Sciences, and a member of the French Academy of Technology. He is a recognized specialist in the field of fluid mechanics, notably in magnetohydrodynamics, and the author of several books and more than 150 other publications on these subjects. This book was born of his desire to share his love of nature and of his wonderment of the phenomena it displays. As he says in the prologue: In essence, I hope to give the reader feeling that I am telling a beautiful story and of transmitting a sense of my awe and wonder of it all.
From 1990 until 2012 he was the Series Editor of the Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications Bookseries, http://www.springer.com/series/5980