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Generalisation of Geographic Information

E-BookPDFDRM AdobeE-Book
386 Seiten
Englisch
Elsevier Science & Techn.erschienen am28.07.2011
"Theoretical and Applied Solutions in Multi Scale Mapping

Users have come to expect instant access to up-to-date geographical information, with global coverage--presented at widely varying levels of detail, as digital and paper products, customisable data that can readily combined with other geographic information. These requirements present an immense challenge to those supporting the delivery of such services (National Mapping Agencies (NMA), Government Departments, and private business. Generalisation of Geographic Information: Cartographic Modelling and Applications provides detailed review of state of the art technologies associated with these challenges, including the most recent developments in cartometric analysis techniques able to support high levels of automation among multi scale derivation techniques.

The book illustrates the application of these ideas within existing and emerging technologies. In addition to providing a comprehensive theoretical underpinning, the book demonstrates how theoretical developments have translated into commercial systems deployed within NMAs.

The book explores relevance of open systems in support of collaborative research and open source web based map services.

*State of the art review on multi scale representation techniques
*Detailed consideration of database requirements and object modeling in support of emerging applications (3D, mobile) and innovative delivery (map generalisation services)
*Illustration through existing map production environment implementations
*Consolidated bibliography (680 entries), 200 illustrations, author and subject index"mehr
Verfügbare Formate
BuchGebunden
EUR222,50
E-BookPDFDRM AdobeE-Book
EUR165,00

Produkt

Klappentext"Theoretical and Applied Solutions in Multi Scale Mapping

Users have come to expect instant access to up-to-date geographical information, with global coverage--presented at widely varying levels of detail, as digital and paper products, customisable data that can readily combined with other geographic information. These requirements present an immense challenge to those supporting the delivery of such services (National Mapping Agencies (NMA), Government Departments, and private business. Generalisation of Geographic Information: Cartographic Modelling and Applications provides detailed review of state of the art technologies associated with these challenges, including the most recent developments in cartometric analysis techniques able to support high levels of automation among multi scale derivation techniques.

The book illustrates the application of these ideas within existing and emerging technologies. In addition to providing a comprehensive theoretical underpinning, the book demonstrates how theoretical developments have translated into commercial systems deployed within NMAs.

The book explores relevance of open systems in support of collaborative research and open source web based map services.

*State of the art review on multi scale representation techniques
*Detailed consideration of database requirements and object modeling in support of emerging applications (3D, mobile) and innovative delivery (map generalisation services)
*Illustration through existing map production environment implementations
*Consolidated bibliography (680 entries), 200 illustrations, author and subject index"
Details
Weitere ISBN/GTIN9780080524740
ProduktartE-Book
EinbandartE-Book
FormatPDF
Format HinweisDRM Adobe
Erscheinungsjahr2011
Erscheinungsdatum28.07.2011
Seiten386 Seiten
SpracheEnglisch
Artikel-Nr.2738704
Rubriken
Genre9200

Inhalt/Kritik

Inhaltsverzeichnis
1;Cover;1
2;Copyright page;5
3;Contents;6
4;Preface;8
5;Acknowledgements;12
6;List of Contributors;14
7;Chapter 1. Understanding Geographic Space;18
7.1;1.1 Scale, Pattern and Geographic Meaning;18
7.2;1.2 A Brief History of Cartography;20
7.3;1.3 Map and Model Generalisation;21
7.4;1.4 A Changing Context ;22
7.5;1.5 Why is Generalisation so Hard to Automate?;24
7.6;1.6 The Chapters of This Book;25
7.7;1.7 Conclusion;27
8;Chapter 2. Conceptual Models of Generalisation and Multiple Representation;28
8.1;2.1 Modelling Generalisation Processes;28
8.2;2.2 Modelling Geographic Data in Multiple Representation Databases;41
8.3;2.3 Future Research on Generalisation and MRDBs;51
8.4;2.4 Concluding Remarks;52
9;Chapter 3. A Synoptic View of Generalisation Operators;54
9.1;3.1 Nature and History;54
9.2;3.2 Frameworks for Generalisation Operators;55
9.3;3.3 Operations on the Data Schema;60
9.4;3.4 Algorithms for Building Generalisation;62
9.5;3.5 Algorithms for Line Generalisation;66
9.6;3.6 Algorithms for Network Simplification;70
9.7;3.7 Algorithms for Rural Features;71
9.8;3.8 Algorithms to Generalise Relief;73
9.9;3.9 Generic Description and Evaluation Criteria for Algorithms;74
9.10;3.10 Operators and Algorithms Within Existing GI Systems;74
9.11;3.11 The Changing Classification of Generalisation Operators;80
9.12;Acknowledgement;83
10;Chapter 4. Modelling the Overall Processprocess of Generalisation;84
10.1;4.1 Introduction;84
10.2;4.2 Condition-Action Modelling;85
10.3;4.3 Human Interaction Modelling;88
10.4;4.4 Constraint-Based Modelling;90
10.5;4.5 Conclusions and Outlook;102
11;Chapter 5. Evaluation in the Map Generalisation Process;106
11.1;5.1 Evaluation in the context of Map Generalisation;106
11.2;5.2 An Overview of Developments in Evaluation Techniques;107
11.3;5.3 Computational Structures to Support Analysis and Evaluation;112
11.4;5.4 The Calibration of Evaluation Criteria;114
11.5;5.5 A Formal Framework of Evaluation;115
11.6;5.6 Types of Evaluation;121
11.7;5.7 Discussion and Conclusions;127
12;Chapter 6. Database Requirements for Generalisation and Multiple Representations;130
12.1;6.1 Introduction;130
12.2;6.2 Modelling and Geographical Modelling: Database Principles;132
12.3;6.3 Multiple Representation Databases;136
12.4;6.4 Database Principles for Modelling Data for Generalisation;143
12.5;6.5 Conclusions;152
13;Chapter 7. A Real-Time Generalisation and Map Adaptation Approach for Location-Based Services;154
13.1;7.1 Introduction;154
13.2;7.2 Generalisation of Maps in Location-Based Services;158
13.3;7.3 The GiMoDig Project;161
13.4;7.4 Conceptual Process Model for Generalisation in Location-Based Services;173
13.5;7.5 Conclusions;175
13.6;Acknowledgements;176
14;Chapter 8. Experiments in Building an Open Generalisation Systemopen generalisation system;178
14.1;8.1 Introduction;179
14.2;8.2 Context and Evolution in Computer Science;181
14.3;8.3 Architectural Models for Open Generalisation Systems;183
14.4;8.4 Implementation of the Two Architectures;187
14.5;8.5 Conclusion;192
14.6;Acknowledgements;192
15;Chapter 9. A Data Warehouse Strategy for on-Demand Multiscale Mapping;194
15.1;9.1 Introduction;194
15.2;9.2 Web-Based On-Demand Mapping;195
15.3;9.3 A Datawarehousing Architecture Combining Cartographic Generalisation and Multiple Representation;196
15.4;9.4 Populating the Data Warehouse and the Vuel Datamart;203
15.5;9.5 Exploiting the Vuel Datamart Using the UMapIT Prototype;208
15.6;9.6 Future Improvements to UMapIT;214
15.7;9.7 Conclusion;214
15.8;Acknowledgements;215
16;Chapter 10. Relevance of Generalisation to the Extraction and Communication of Wayfinding Information;216
16.1;10.1 Aspects of Wayfinding;216
16.2;10.2 Characterisation and Extraction of Objects Important to Wayfinding and Navigation;219
16.3;10.3 Methods of Communicating Wayfinding Information;222
16.4;10.4 Application of Landmarks for Wayfinding and Navigation;226
16.5;10.5 Conclusion and Outlook;227
17;Chapter 11. 3D Building Generalisation;228
17.1;11.1 Background;228
17.2;11.2 The Necessity for 3D Building Generalisation;233
17.3;11.3 Challenges of 3D Building Generalisation;234
17.4;11.4 Description Models of 3D Buildings;235
17.5;11.5 Methods of 3D Building Generalisation;237
17.6;11.6 Concluding Remarks and Outlook;248
17.7;Acknowledgement;248
18;Chapter 12. Characterising Space via Pattern Recognition Techniques: Identifying Patterns in Road Networks;250
18.1;12.1 Introduction;250
18.2;12.2 What is pattern recognition?;251
18.3;12.3 Patterns in Road Network;254
18.4;12.4 Summary and Outlook;270
18.5;Acknowledgement;270
19;Chapter 13. Generalisation of Geographical Networks;272
19.1;13.1 Introduction;272
19.2;13.2 Early Approaches to Network Generalisation;273
19.3;13.3 Exploiting Perceptual Grouping;276
19.4;13.4 Concluding Remarks;283
19.5;Acknowledgements;284
20;Chapter 14. A Prototype Generalisation System Based on the Multi-Agent System Paradigm;286
20.1;14.1 Introduction;286
20.2;14.2 Principles of the Generalisation Model;289
20.3;14.3 Making the Agents Communicate;295
20.4;14.4 New Research Challenges;299
21;Chapter 15. Managing Generalisation Updates in IGN Map Production;302
21.1;15.1 Introduction;302
21.2;15.2 Map Generalisation in the Creation of the First Edition;305
21.3;15.3 Incorporating Generalisation in the Updating Process;312
21.4;15.4 Conclusion;317
22;Chapter 16. Automated Generalisation in a Map Production Environment - the KMS Experience;318
22.1;16.1 Introduction;318
22.2;16.2 Key Considerations in Automating Map Production Lines;319
22.3;16.3 Generalisation Platform;325
22.4;16.4 Present Generalisation Workflow;326
22.5;16.5 Discussion;330
23;Chapter 17. Observations and Research Challenges in Map Generalisation and Multiple Representation;332
23.1;17.1 Some Observations;332
23.2;17.2 Research Challenges;336
23.3;17.3 Conclusion;338
23.4;17.4 In Closing;340
24;Consolidated Bibliography;342
25;Author Index;374
26;Subject Index;384mehr