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The Innovation Biosphere

E-BookEPUB2 - DRM Adobe / EPUBE-Book
230 Seiten
Englisch
John Wiley & Sonserschienen am04.05.20151. Auflage
This book addresses those involved in research or R&D. It introduces the principles of eco-innovation and the importance of the impact of their activity. This topic is considered in the context of natural and digital ecosystems powered by intelligent assistants (technology). Chapter 1 positions the innovation as a process and component of ecosystems including research, enterprises, technology (digital
ecosystems) and environment. Sustainable success is a condition of survival and an expectation of those who invest in innovation. Chapter 2 describes the main elements to consider and gives some tips. Chapter 3 presents some selected initiatives at the national and European level and provides a way of measuring success.mehr
Verfügbare Formate
BuchGebunden
EUR172,50
E-BookEPUB2 - DRM Adobe / EPUBE-Book
EUR139,99
E-BookPDF2 - DRM Adobe / Adobe Ebook ReaderE-Book
EUR139,99

Produkt

KlappentextThis book addresses those involved in research or R&D. It introduces the principles of eco-innovation and the importance of the impact of their activity. This topic is considered in the context of natural and digital ecosystems powered by intelligent assistants (technology). Chapter 1 positions the innovation as a process and component of ecosystems including research, enterprises, technology (digital
ecosystems) and environment. Sustainable success is a condition of survival and an expectation of those who invest in innovation. Chapter 2 describes the main elements to consider and gives some tips. Chapter 3 presents some selected initiatives at the national and European level and provides a way of measuring success.
Details
Weitere ISBN/GTIN9781119053880
ProduktartE-Book
EinbandartE-Book
FormatEPUB
Format Hinweis2 - DRM Adobe / EPUB
FormatFormat mit automatischem Seitenumbruch (reflowable)
Erscheinungsjahr2015
Erscheinungsdatum04.05.2015
Auflage1. Auflage
Seiten230 Seiten
SpracheEnglisch
Dateigrösse4477 Kbytes
Artikel-Nr.3201403
Rubriken
Genre9201

Inhalt/Kritik

Leseprobe
Introduction

Our planet Earth is located in the ideal region of the Milky Way galaxy in the solar system. This zone contains just the right concentration of chemicals and other elements needed to support life. The planets position in the Universe and their movements play a vital role in the Earth s ecology. Ocean tides are caused by the gravitational interaction between the Earth and the Moon. The Earth s perfect tilt and spin causes the annual cycle of seasons, moderates temperatures and allows for a wide range of climate zones. The Earth s path is almost circular, keeping us roughly the same distance from the Sun year-round. The Sun is the perfect powerhouse that emits just the right amount of energy. A magnetic field and an atmosphere serve as a dual shield protecting living things from potentially deadly forces emanating from the Sun. The atmosphere, which is a blanket of gases, keeps us breathing and provides additional protection. An outer layer of the atmosphere, called the stratosphere, contains ozone, which absorbs up to 99% of incoming ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The ozone layer helps to protect all forms of life from dangerous radiation. The amount of stratospheric ozone is dynamic, adapting to the intensity of UV radiation rises. The atmosphere also protects us from a daily barrage of debris from space that burn up in the atmosphere. However, the Earth s shields do not block radiation which is essential for life, such as the heat and visible light. The atmosphere even helps distribute the heat around the globe, and at night the atmosphere acts as a blanket, slowing the escape of heat. Natural water, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen cycles replenish and cleanse the planet s air and water supply.

The biosphere is also called the zone of life. According to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), it is the portion of Earth and its atmosphere that can support life . Like the shell of an egg, the biosphere is a very thin layer, or zone, that encompasses our planet.

The biosphere consists of living things and the environment - the atmosphere, the land and the oceans - from which they derive the energy and nutrients needed for life. For instance, plants capture solar energy and use it to convert carbon dioxide, water and minerals into oxygen and food. Humans and animals take in oxygen and food and return carbon dioxide and other matters to the environment. This cycle repeats itself and everything recycles. Thus, the biosphere can sustain life indefinitely. We will use this metaphor for innovation systems acting in harmony with the environment.

Innovation has always been a part of human activity. The main motivations for innovation are the improvement of our life, scientific satisfaction, demonstration of creativity or know-how, invention of new businesses, and becoming rich and famous. However, each new product, technology and process has an impact and consequences on the development of economy, the living and the planet. The first awakening on the state of the planet was raised during the intensive industrial revolution in the 1960s, but nothing was changed.

Within the complex economic context, innovation is considered as a potential answer to the crisis. Facing the economic, social and environmental challenges required a different approach from those that worked well in the past for the industrial era is required. Perhaps it is an effect of crisis, but people are more creative. The European programs since the 1980s have produced a lot of extraordinary projects and results. Nevertheless, their visibility should be improved to facilitate the transformation of these promising results into products and services. Many countries focus on entrepreneurship but the conditions for success are not always understood by politicians who want growth and jobs without investment into new laws facilitating development of activities, such as lower taxes and employment flexibility to help bypass the Death Valley .

Innovation concerns all fields; however, the politicians consider information and communication technologies, biotechnologies, nanotechnologies and applications related to health as the most promising areas. Nowadays, facing challenges requires connection and synergy with other innovations - in politics, society, education and behaviors.

Other skills apart from the traditional ones are also required to succeed in innovation. There are some schools teaching innovation with various points of view, but they mostly teach traditional 20th Century innovation. Initiatives are encouraged and experiments are conducted without measuring the impact of invested money and energy on improving the economic situation. Politicians would like the immediate results of their financial investment on selected institutions; however, they have to focus on the right persons and actions.

Science and innovation have the power to transform our lives and the world we live in - for better or worse - in ways that often transcend borders and generations: from the innovation of complex financial products that played such an important role in the recent financial crisis to current proposals to intentionally engineer our Earth s climate. The promise of science and innovation brings with it ethical dilemmas and impacts that are often uncertain and unpredictable: it is often only once these have emerged that we feel able to control them . How do we undertake science and innovation responsibly under such conditions, toward not only socially acceptable but also socially desirable goals and in a way that is democratic, equitable and sustainable? Responsible innovation challenges us all to think about our responsibilities for the future, as scientists, innovators and citizens, and to act upon them [OWE 13].

Innovation focuses mostly on function, and takes little consideration of the impact. Researchers want to discover, while inventors (all categories) think about the services their invention may provide. Businesses and their investors expect to make money through sales. This model of traditional innovation from the previous century is followed by many. Today s context is different: the market is global, full of competitors and opportunities. This situation requires the overall innovation.

The environmental impact of innovation is not really taken into account from the beginning, except perhaps eco-innovation projects.

Current trends, such as sustainable development and corporate social responsibility (CSR), mainly focus on social and environmental aspects. Can we really target sustainable development in a global world of greedy economics designing products to throw away? Reparation is impossible because of often changing standards and lack of spare parts. Planned obsolescence [CAS 13] and manipulation of customers lead to accumulation of waste and waste economy. Advertisement-based business models empowered by Internet make customers unhappy with what they have and push them to buy something newer and better right now (consumerism). The ISO 26000 standard has been provided for companies to guide them on socially responsible behavior and possible actions. However, the process is complex and is not yet adapted to start-ups or small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Too many events and actions are simply green washing without a real value, except perhaps the improvement of a company image. Like knowledge-based business several years ago, the eco-business is growing today. CSR principles and rules are followed by eco-design and integrated into product life management (PLM) and lifecycle assessment (LCA).

We can observe a knowledge economy paradox - many are overeducated, and this knowledge and the past knowledge are under-used. Education is not planned as a function of the market requirements. There is the risk of knowledge lost, lack of transfer in the case of retirement or turnover.

In France, after 30 glorious years, the economic and social crisis deepens. Many French have a complex with the language (they are afraid to speak English). French is recognized as an European language but, for example, the application for funding must be written in perfect English. Only a few French individuals are actively involved in the European policy and governance. The French are gifted for inventing great things but they have no talent for business. In consequence, many interesting projects do not have any economic impact. For example, the French service in artificial intelligence was the best in the world in the early 1990s.

Politicians believe that innovation must leverage the growth and stimulate job creation. The PhD students and unemployed people are encouraged to create their companies while the conditions for success are not provided. Politicians are disconnected from the field and lowering funds for innovation are not always given to the right persons; the return on investment (ROI) is not measured. The user-driven innovation policy may improve this situation. Only politicians are invited to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) discussion groups.

Many focus on short-term business despite the planet protection. The economic trends such as globalization, capitalism and consumerism should be changed; but apart from individual innovation by necessity or awakening, nothing has been done. Globalization has amplified immigration and promoted multicultural aspects; therefore, their value must be understood and managed.

The quick development of technology also has social impacts, such as isolation in ubiquitous screens, virtual friends, and...
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