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Return to Sport after ACL Reconstruction and Other Knee Operations

E-BookPDF1 - PDF WatermarkE-Book
709 Seiten
Englisch
Springer International Publishingerschienen am05.11.20191st ed. 2019
The wealth of information provided in this unique text will enable orthopedic surgeons, medical practitioners, physical therapists, and trainers to ensure that athletes who suffer anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, or who require major knee operations for other reasons, have the best possible chance of safely resuming sporting activity at their desired level without subsequent problems. Divided into seven thematic sections, the coverage is wide-ranging and encompasses common barriers to return to sport, return to sport decision-based models, and the complete spectrum of optimal treatment for ACL injuries, including preoperative and postoperative rehabilitation. Advanced training concepts are explained in detail, with description of sports-specific programs for soccer, basketball, and tennis. Readers will find detailed guidance on objective testing for muscle strength, neuromuscular function, neurocognitive function, and cardiovascular fitness, as well as validated assessments to identify and manage psychological issues. In addition, return to sport considerations after meniscus surgery, patellofemoral realignment, articular cartilage procedures, and knee arthroplasty are discussed.

Generously illustrated and heavily referenced, Return to Sport after ACL Reconstruction and Other Knee Operations is a comprehensive resource for all medical professionals and support staff working with athletes and active patients looking to get back in the game with confidence.








Frank R. Noyes, MD, works at the Cincinnati SportsMedicine and Orthopaedic Center/Mercy Health, which he founded and where he has served as CEO since 1981. He is also President and Medical Director of the Noyes Knee Institute in Cincinnati, Ohio. Prior to founding the Center, Dr. Noyes was Director of the Sports Medicine Institute in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at the University of Cincinnati. He is currently a Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Emeritus, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine from 2017. Dr. Noyes has received numerous awards and honors, including the Kappa Delta Research Award from the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, the Dr. Ernst Jokl Sports Medicine Award from the U.S. Sports Academy, and induction into the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine's Hall of Fame. He was the most frequently cited author in orthopaedic and sports medicine in 2012. In 2013 he served as President of the Herodicus Society, which is considered the premier group of American, Canadian, and European sports medicine physicians. Dr. Noyes has held numerous editorial board appointments for leading journals. He has published over 400 articles in peer-reviewed journals and medical textbooks, is the editor of Noyes' Knee Disorders: Surgery, Rehabilitation, Clinical Outcomes, 1st and 2nd editions, co-editor of ACL Injuries in the Female Athlete: Causes, Impacts, and Conditioning Programs, 1st and 2nd editions, and co-editor of 12 eBooks that discuss a variety of knee and lower limb conditions.

Sue D. Barber-Westin, BS, is Director of Clinical & Applied Research at the Cincinnati SportsMedicine Research and Education Foundation and the Noyes Knee Institute, a position she has held since 1985. She is also the founder of Westin Research Consulting, which provides research consultation services. Ms. Barber-Westin is an exceptionally experienced clinical research professional specialized in the development, implementation, and completion of outcome studies in orthopaedics and sports medicine. Along with Dr. Noyes, she has conducted over 70 clinical research projects involving 7000 patients and volunteer subjects, and published over 200 papers in peer-reviewed orthopaedic journals and medical textbooks. In 2004, Ms. Barber-Westin and Dr. Noyes received the OREF Clinical Research Award, presented jointly by the Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Ms. Barber-Westin is associate editor of Noyes' Knee Disorders: Surgery, Rehabilitation, Clinical Outcomes, 1st and 2nd editions, co-editor of ACL Injuries in the Female Athlete: Causes, Impacts, and Conditioning Programs, 1st and 2nd editions, and co-editor of 12 eBooks that discuss a variety of knee and lower limb conditions.mehr
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KlappentextThe wealth of information provided in this unique text will enable orthopedic surgeons, medical practitioners, physical therapists, and trainers to ensure that athletes who suffer anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, or who require major knee operations for other reasons, have the best possible chance of safely resuming sporting activity at their desired level without subsequent problems. Divided into seven thematic sections, the coverage is wide-ranging and encompasses common barriers to return to sport, return to sport decision-based models, and the complete spectrum of optimal treatment for ACL injuries, including preoperative and postoperative rehabilitation. Advanced training concepts are explained in detail, with description of sports-specific programs for soccer, basketball, and tennis. Readers will find detailed guidance on objective testing for muscle strength, neuromuscular function, neurocognitive function, and cardiovascular fitness, as well as validated assessments to identify and manage psychological issues. In addition, return to sport considerations after meniscus surgery, patellofemoral realignment, articular cartilage procedures, and knee arthroplasty are discussed.

Generously illustrated and heavily referenced, Return to Sport after ACL Reconstruction and Other Knee Operations is a comprehensive resource for all medical professionals and support staff working with athletes and active patients looking to get back in the game with confidence.








Frank R. Noyes, MD, works at the Cincinnati SportsMedicine and Orthopaedic Center/Mercy Health, which he founded and where he has served as CEO since 1981. He is also President and Medical Director of the Noyes Knee Institute in Cincinnati, Ohio. Prior to founding the Center, Dr. Noyes was Director of the Sports Medicine Institute in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at the University of Cincinnati. He is currently a Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Emeritus, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine from 2017. Dr. Noyes has received numerous awards and honors, including the Kappa Delta Research Award from the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, the Dr. Ernst Jokl Sports Medicine Award from the U.S. Sports Academy, and induction into the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine's Hall of Fame. He was the most frequently cited author in orthopaedic and sports medicine in 2012. In 2013 he served as President of the Herodicus Society, which is considered the premier group of American, Canadian, and European sports medicine physicians. Dr. Noyes has held numerous editorial board appointments for leading journals. He has published over 400 articles in peer-reviewed journals and medical textbooks, is the editor of Noyes' Knee Disorders: Surgery, Rehabilitation, Clinical Outcomes, 1st and 2nd editions, co-editor of ACL Injuries in the Female Athlete: Causes, Impacts, and Conditioning Programs, 1st and 2nd editions, and co-editor of 12 eBooks that discuss a variety of knee and lower limb conditions.

Sue D. Barber-Westin, BS, is Director of Clinical & Applied Research at the Cincinnati SportsMedicine Research and Education Foundation and the Noyes Knee Institute, a position she has held since 1985. She is also the founder of Westin Research Consulting, which provides research consultation services. Ms. Barber-Westin is an exceptionally experienced clinical research professional specialized in the development, implementation, and completion of outcome studies in orthopaedics and sports medicine. Along with Dr. Noyes, she has conducted over 70 clinical research projects involving 7000 patients and volunteer subjects, and published over 200 papers in peer-reviewed orthopaedic journals and medical textbooks. In 2004, Ms. Barber-Westin and Dr. Noyes received the OREF Clinical Research Award, presented jointly by the Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Ms. Barber-Westin is associate editor of Noyes' Knee Disorders: Surgery, Rehabilitation, Clinical Outcomes, 1st and 2nd editions, co-editor of ACL Injuries in the Female Athlete: Causes, Impacts, and Conditioning Programs, 1st and 2nd editions, and co-editor of 12 eBooks that discuss a variety of knee and lower limb conditions.
Details
Weitere ISBN/GTIN9783030223618
ProduktartE-Book
EinbandartE-Book
FormatPDF
Format Hinweis1 - PDF Watermark
FormatE107
Erscheinungsjahr2019
Erscheinungsdatum05.11.2019
Auflage1st ed. 2019
Seiten709 Seiten
SpracheEnglisch
IllustrationenXX, 709 p. 301 illus., 267 illus. in color.
Artikel-Nr.4948045
Rubriken
Genre9200

Inhalt/Kritik

Inhaltsverzeichnis
1;Preface;5
2;Contents;8
3;Contributors;11
4;Abbreviations;15
5;Part I: Problems and Barriers for Successful Return to Sport;19
5.1;1: Advantages and Potential Consequences of Return to Sport After ACL Reconstruction: Quality of Life, Reinjury Rates, and Knee Osteoarthritis;20
5.1.1;1.1 Introduction;20
5.1.2;1.2 Quality of Life and Patient Satisfaction: Correlation with Return to Sport;21
5.1.3;1.3 Reinjury Rates After ACL Reconstruction;22
5.1.4;1.4 Factors Involved in the Development of Knee Osteoarthritis After ACL Surgery;26
5.1.5;References;33
5.2;2: Common Symptom, Psychological, and Psychosocial Barriers to Return to Sport;41
5.2.1;2.1 Common Physical Barriers;41
5.2.2;2.2 Common Psychological and Psychosocial Barriers;45
5.2.2.1;2.2.1 Fear of Reinjury and Reinjury Anxiety;45
5.2.2.2;2.2.2 Self-Efficacy;48
5.2.2.3;2.2.3 Locus of Control;48
5.2.3;2.3 Conclusions;49
5.2.4;References;49
5.3;3: The Arthritis Barrier: Long-Term Effects of ACL Trauma on Knee Joint Health;52
5.3.1;3.1 Epidemiology of Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis Following ACL Trauma;52
5.3.2;3.2 Effect of Sport on PTOA Following ACL Trauma;53
5.3.3;3.3 Effect of ACL Injury and Concomitant Articular Cartilage Injury on PTOA;54
5.3.4;3.4 Effect of ACL Injury and Post-Traumatic Bone Marrow Lesions on PTOA;55
5.3.5;3.5 Effect of ACL Disruption and Concomitant Meniscal Injury on PTOA;56
5.3.6;3.6 Effect of Surgical Versus Nonsurgical Treatment of ACL Injury on PTOA;57
5.3.7;3.7 Effect of Timing of ACL Reconstruction Surgery on PTOA;58
5.3.8;3.8 Effect of ACL Graft Material on PTOA;58
5.3.9;3.9 Effect of ACL Trauma on Patellofemoral and Tibiofemoral PTOA;59
5.3.10;3.10 Return to Sport Considerations for Athletes;59
5.3.11;3.11 Limitations of the Current Literature;60
5.3.12;References;61
6;Part II: Return to Sport: Whose Decision Is It?;66
6.1;4: Return to Sport Decision-Based Models;67
6.1.1;4.1 Introduction;67
6.1.2;4.2 Overall Athlete Care;68
6.1.3;4.3 StARRT Framework for RTS Decision-Making;70
6.1.3.1;4.3.1 Step 1: Tissue Health;71
6.1.3.2;4.3.2 Step 2: Tissue Stresses;71
6.1.3.3;4.3.3 Step 3: Risk Tolerance Modifiers;71
6.1.4;4.4 A Concrete Example in Applying the StARRT Framework;72
6.1.4.1;4.4.1 Multiple Outcomes;73
6.1.4.2;4.4.2 From StARRT to Decision-Tree Analysis;74
6.1.5;4.5 The Athlete´s Best Interests?;74
6.1.6;4.6 Which Stakeholder Should Be the Decision-Maker?;75
6.1.6.1;4.6.1 Protecting the Athlete with a Multidisciplinary Approach?;77
6.1.7;4.7 Summary;78
6.1.8;References;78
6.2;5: Role of the Team Physician, Orthopedic Surgeon, and Rehabilitation Specialists;80
6.2.1;5.1 Introduction;80
6.2.2;5.2 Preoperative Phase;80
6.2.3;5.3 Early Postoperative Phase;83
6.2.4;5.4 Late Postoperative Phase;85
6.2.5;5.5 RTS Phase;86
6.2.6;5.6 Summary;90
6.2.7;References;90
6.3;6: Return to Sport After Primary ACL Reconstruction in Amateur, Children, and Elite Athletes: Feasibility and Reinjury Concerns;92
6.3.1;6.1 Introduction;92
6.3.2;6.2 Amateur Athletes;94
6.3.2.1;6.2.1 Return to Sport: Rates and Influential Factors;94
6.3.2.2;6.2.2 Reinjuries: Rates and Significant Factors;105
6.3.2.3;6.2.3 Published Criteria for Release to Unrestricted Activities;105
6.3.2.4;6.2.4 Conclusions and Recommendations;105
6.3.3;6.3 Children and Adolescent Athletes;108
6.3.3.1;6.3.1 Return to Sport: Rates and Influential Factors;108
6.3.3.2;6.3.2 Reinjuries: Rates and Significant Factors;111
6.3.3.3;6.3.3 Published Criteria for Release to Unrestricted Activities;115
6.3.3.4;6.3.4 Conclusions and Recommendations;115
6.3.4;6.4 Elite Collegiate and Professional Athletes;116
6.3.4.1;6.4.1 Return to Sport: Rates and Influential Factors;116
6.3.4.2;6.4.2 Reinjuries: Rates and Significant Factors;120
6.3.4.3;6.4.3 Published Criteria for Release to Unrestricted Activities;122
6.3.4.4;6.4.4 Conclusions and Recommendations;122
6.3.5;6.5 Future Concerns;123
6.3.6;References;124
7;Part III: Spectrum of Optimal Treatment of ACL Injuries;132
7.1;7: What Is the Scientific Basis for Knee Ligament Healing and Maturation to Restore Biomechanical Properties and a Return to Sport?;133
7.1.1;7.1 ACL Anatomy: Native Tendon-Bone Insertion;133
7.1.2;7.2 Why Does the Injured ACL Not Heal?;133
7.1.3;7.3 Historical Perspective on the Concept of Ligamentization;134
7.1.4;7.4 Biological Healing of the Graft;135
7.1.4.1;7.4.1 Phases of Intraarticular Healing;135
7.1.4.1.1;7.4.1.1 Early Graft Healing: Graft Necrosis and Early Inflammation;135
7.1.4.1.2;7.4.1.2 Proliferation and Recellularization;136
7.1.4.1.3;7.4.1.3 Revascularization;137
7.1.4.1.4;7.4.1.4 Ligamentization;138
7.1.5;7.5 Tunnel Healing;141
7.1.5.1;7.5.1 Bone Quality Composition;144
7.1.5.2;7.5.2 Graft Fixation Technique;144
7.1.5.3;7.5.3 Tunnel-Tendon Gap Size;145
7.1.5.4;7.5.4 Tunnel Length;145
7.1.5.5;7.5.5 Mechanical Stress and Graft Healing;145
7.1.5.6;7.5.6 Graft Tension;146
7.1.6;7.6 Allograft Healing;147
7.1.7;7.7 Healing Challenges in ACL Reconstruction;148
7.1.8;7.8 Modes of Failure Based on Point of Time.;148
7.1.9;7.9 Biological Techniques of Enhancing Tendon-Bone Healing;149
7.1.9.1;7.9.1 Growth Factors and Bone Proteins;149
7.1.9.2;7.9.2 Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinases;150
7.1.9.3;7.9.3 Cellular and Stem Cell Adjuncts;151
7.1.9.4;7.9.4 The Inflammatory Response;151
7.1.10;7.10 Assessing Graft Maturation and Healing through Imaging;153
7.1.10.1;7.10.1 Radiographs;153
7.1.10.2;7.10.2 Computed Tomography;153
7.1.10.3;7.10.3 Magnetic Resonance Imaging;153
7.1.11;7.11 Future Directions of ACL Healing: ACL Preservation and Bioenhanced Repair;155
7.1.11.1;7.11.1 Bridge-Enhanced Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair;156
7.1.11.2;7.11.2 Arthroscopic Primary ACL Repair with Suture Augmentation;156
7.1.11.3;7.11.3 Dynamic Intraligamentary Stabilization;157
7.1.12;7.12 Conclusion;157
7.1.13;References;158
7.2;8: Preoperative Rehabilitation: Basic Principles;168
7.2.1;8.1 Introduction;168
7.2.2;8.2 Issues to Treat and Resolve Before ACL Reconstruction;170
7.2.2.1;8.2.1 Hemarthrosis and Knee Joint Effusion;170
7.2.2.2;8.2.2 Limitations in Knee Motion;171
7.2.2.3;8.2.3 Loss of Muscle Strength;172
7.2.2.4;8.2.4 Impairments in Neuromuscular Function;173
7.2.3;8.3 Clinical Studies;177
7.2.4;References;180
7.3;9: Extended Preoperative Rehabilitation: Does It Influence Return to Sport After Surgery?;184
7.3.1;9.1 Introduction;184
7.3.2;9.2 Background;185
7.3.2.1;9.2.1 Preoperative Milestones;185
7.3.2.2;9.2.2 Importance of Quadriceps Strength;185
7.3.2.3;9.2.3 Evidence for Preoperative Rehabilitation;185
7.3.3;9.3 Evidence-Based Preoperative Rehabilitation Interventions;186
7.3.3.1;9.3.1 Perturbation Training;186
7.3.3.2;9.3.2 Progressive Strength Training;186
7.3.3.3;9.3.3 Agility and Plyometric Training;186
7.3.4;9.4 Postoperative Criterion-Based Rehabilitation;188
7.3.5;9.5 Return to Sport Timeline and Criteria;197
7.3.6;9.6 Outcomes After Extended Preoperative Rehabilitation;199
7.3.7;9.7 Summary;200
7.3.8;9.8 Critical Points;200
7.3.9;References;200
7.4;10: Intraoperative Considerations Crucial for a Successful Outcome;203
7.4.1;10.1 Introduction;203
7.4.1.1;10.1.1 Indications for ACL Reconstruction;203
7.4.1.2;10.1.2 Contraindications for ACL Reconstruction;204
7.4.1.3;10.1.3 Preoperative Planning;204
7.4.1.4;10.1.4 ACL Graft Selection;205
7.4.1.4.1;10.1.4.1 Critical Points;206
7.4.2;10.2 Intraoperative Evaluation;206
7.4.3;10.3 Graft Harvest;206
7.4.3.1;10.3.1 B-PT-B Autograft;206
7.4.3.2;10.3.2 Graft Harvest: STG Autograft;207
7.4.3.3;10.3.3 Graft Harvest: QT-PB Autograft;209
7.4.4;10.4 ACL Anatomic Reconstruction;211
7.4.4.1;10.4.1 ACL Anatomy and Function Issues;211
7.4.4.2;10.4.2 Recommended Location and Placement of Tibial Tunnel;213
7.4.4.3;10.4.3 Recommended Location and Placement of Femoral Tunnel;214
7.4.4.4;10.4.4 Graft Tunnel Passage, Conditioning, and Fixation;216
7.4.4.5;10.4.5 Technique Using STG Graft;219
7.4.4.5.1;10.4.5.1 Critical Points;222
7.4.5;10.5 Authors´ ACL Reconstruction Clinical Studies;222
7.4.6;10.6 Treatment of Meniscus Tears;222
7.4.7;References;228
7.5;11: Early Postoperative Rehabilitation to Avoid Complications and Prepare for Return to Sport Training;232
7.5.1;11.1 Introduction;232
7.5.2;11.2 Clinical Concepts;234
7.5.2.1;11.2.1 Control Knee Joint Effusion;234
7.5.2.2;11.2.2 Immediate Knee Motion and Early Weight-Bearing;234
7.5.2.3;11.2.3 Electrical Muscle Stimulation and Biofeedback;234
7.5.2.4;11.2.4 Muscle Loss After ACL Reconstruction;235
7.5.2.5;11.2.5 Regaining Strength: Patellofemoral Joint Protection;235
7.5.2.6;11.2.6 Open and Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises: Which Are Safe Early Postoperatively?;236
7.5.2.7;11.2.7 Other Muscle Training Options;238
7.5.2.8;11.2.8 Early Restoration of Neuromuscular Function;240
7.5.3;11.3 Recognition of Major Complications;241
7.5.4;11.4 Protocol for Primary ACL Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Autogenous Reconstruction: Early Return to Strenuous Activities;248
7.5.5;11.5 Protocol with Delayed Parameters for Revision ACL Reconstruction, Multi-ligament Reconstruction, Allografts, and Complex Knees;255
7.5.6;References;260
7.6;12: Early Postoperative Role of Blood Flow Restriction Therapy to Avoid Muscle Atrophy;270
7.6.1;12.1 Introduction;270
7.6.2;12.2 Disuse Muscle Atrophy;270
7.6.3;12.3 Impact on Strength;271
7.6.4;12.4 Arthrogenic Inhibition;271
7.6.5;12.5 Blood Flow Restriction Training (BFRT) and Usage in ACL Rehabilitation;272
7.6.5.1;12.5.1 Phase 1: Prehabilitation with BFRT;274
7.6.5.2;12.5.2 Phase 2: Early Postoperative with BFRT;275
7.6.5.3;12.5.3 Phase 3: Postoperative Ambulation with BFRT;276
7.6.5.4;12.5.4 Phase 4: Low-Load Resistance Training with BFRT;276
7.6.5.5;12.5.5 Phase 5: Heavy-Load Resistance Training with Low-Load BFRT;277
7.6.6;12.6 Safety Considerations;277
7.6.7;12.7 Conclusion;278
7.6.8;References;278
8;Part IV: Return to Sport Advanced Training Concepts;284
8.1;13: Current Concepts of Plyometric Exercises for the Lower Extremity;285
8.1.1;13.1 Introduction;285
8.1.2;13.2 History of Plyometrics;286
8.1.3;13.3 Definition of Plyometrics;286
8.1.4;13.4 Phases of Plyometrics;287
8.1.4.1;13.4.1 Eccentric Prestretch Loading Phase;287
8.1.4.2;13.4.2 Transition, Amortization (Coupling, Rebound) Phase;287
8.1.4.3;13.4.3 Concentric Unloading Shortening Phase;288
8.1.5;13.5 Scientific Foundation of Plyometrics;289
8.1.5.1;13.5.1 Neuromusculoskeletal Adaptations to Plyometric Training;289
8.1.5.2;13.5.2 Bone;289
8.1.5.3;13.5.3 Tendon;289
8.1.5.4;13.5.4 Muscle [100];290
8.1.5.5;13.5.5 Neural;290
8.1.6;13.6 Examples of Plyometrics in Athletics;290
8.1.7;13.7 Contraindications for Plyometrics of the Knee;291
8.1.8;13.8 Theoretical Training Benefits of Plyometric Exercises for the Knee;291
8.1.9;13.9 Criterion-Based Clinical Guidelines for Beginning a Plyometric Program;291
8.1.10;13.10 Designing a Plyometric Program for the Knee;293
8.1.10.1;13.10.1 Periodization Program;294
8.1.10.2;13.10.2 Scientific Foundation for the Application of Plyometrics;295
8.1.10.3;13.10.3 Specific Principles and Concepts: Components of a Plyometric Training Program;295
8.1.10.4;13.10.4 Components for Progression of a Plyometric Training Program;295
8.1.10.5;13.10.5 Plyometric Techniques;295
8.1.10.6;13.10.6 Examples of Lower Extremity Plyometric Exercises;297
8.1.11;13.11 Functional Testing Algorithm (FTA) for Clinical Decision-Making for Return to Activity;307
8.1.12;13.12 Summary;307
8.1.13;References;307
8.2;14: Running, Agility, and Sportsmetrics Training;313
8.2.1;14.1 Introduction;313
8.2.2;14.2 Running and Agility Program;314
8.2.3;14.3 Basic Plyometric Training Program;314
8.2.4;14.4 Sportsmetrics Neuromuscular Retraining;315
8.2.4.1;14.4.1 Dynamic Warm-Up;316
8.2.4.1.1;14.4.1.1 Toe Walk;317
8.2.4.1.2;14.4.1.2 Heel Walk;317
8.2.4.1.3;14.4.1.3 Straight Leg March;317
8.2.4.1.4;14.4.1.4 Leg Cradle;318
8.2.4.1.5;14.4.1.5 Dog and Bush (Hip Rotator) Walk;318
8.2.4.1.6;14.4.1.6 High Knee Skip;318
8.2.4.1.7;14.4.1.7 High Knees;318
8.2.4.1.8;14.4.1.8 Glut Kicks;318
8.2.4.1.9;14.4.1.9 Stride Out;319
8.2.4.1.10;14.4.1.10 All-Out Sprint;319
8.2.4.2;14.4.2 Plyometrics/Jump Training;319
8.2.4.2.1;14.4.2.1 Wall Jump;321
8.2.4.2.2;14.4.2.2 Tuck Jump;321
8.2.4.2.3;14.4.2.3 Squat Jump;322
8.2.4.2.4;14.4.2.4 Barrier Jump Side-to-Side;322
8.2.4.2.5;14.4.2.5 Barrier Jump Forward-Backward;322
8.2.4.2.6;14.4.2.6 180° Jump;322
8.2.4.2.7;14.4.2.7 Broad Jump;323
8.2.4.2.8;14.4.2.8 Bounding in Place;324
8.2.4.2.9;14.4.2.9 Jump, Jump, Jump, Vertical Jump;324
8.2.4.2.10;14.4.2.10 Barrier Hop Side-to-Side, Single Leg;324
8.2.4.2.11;14.4.2.11 Barrier Hop Forward-Backward, Single Leg;324
8.2.4.2.12;14.4.2.12 Scissor Jump;324
8.2.4.2.13;14.4.2.13 Single-leg Hop;325
8.2.4.2.14;14.4.2.14 Bounding for Distance;326
8.2.4.2.15;14.4.2.15 Jump Up, Down, 180°, Vertical;326
8.2.4.2.16;14.4.2.16 Mattress Jump Side-to-Side;329
8.2.4.2.17;14.4.2.17 Mattress Jump Forward-Backward;329
8.2.4.2.18;14.4.2.18 Hop, Hop, Hop, Stick;329
8.2.4.2.19;14.4.2.19 Jump into Bounding;329
8.2.4.3;14.4.3 Strength Training;330
8.2.4.3.1;14.4.3.1 Mini-Squats with Resistance Band;331
8.2.4.3.2;14.4.3.2 Walking Lunges Forward;332
8.2.4.3.3;14.4.3.3 Prone Hamstrings with Partner Resistance;332
8.2.4.3.4;14.4.3.4 Supine Hamstring Bridge;332
8.2.4.3.5;14.4.3.5 Bridge with Alternating Leg Hamstring Glide;332
8.2.4.3.6;14.4.3.6 Bridge with Double-leg Hamstring Glide;333
8.2.4.3.7;14.4.3.7 Arm Swing with Resistance Band;333
8.2.4.3.8;14.4.3.8 Superman (Alternating Arms/Legs);333
8.2.4.3.9;14.4.3.9 Abdominals (Russian Twists);333
8.2.4.3.10;14.4.3.10 Abdominals (Plank);334
8.2.4.3.11;14.4.3.11 Abdominals (Bicycle Kicks);334
8.2.4.3.12;14.4.3.12 Hip Flexor Resistance Band Kicking;335
8.2.4.3.13;14.4.3.13 Steamboats (Hip Flexion);335
8.2.4.3.14;14.4.3.14 Hip Abductor Resistance Band kicking;336
8.2.4.3.15;14.4.3.15 Lateral Walking with Resistance Band;337
8.2.4.4;14.4.4 Flexibility;338
8.2.4.4.1;14.4.4.1 Hamstrings;338
8.2.4.4.2;14.4.4.2 Iliotibial Band;338
8.2.4.4.3;14.4.4.3 Quadriceps;339
8.2.4.4.4;14.4.4.4 Hip Flexor;340
8.2.4.4.5;14.4.4.5 Gastrocnemius;340
8.2.4.4.6;14.4.4.6 Soleus;341
8.2.4.4.7;14.4.4.7 Deltoid;341
8.2.4.4.8;14.4.4.8 Triceps, Latissimus Dorsi;341
8.2.4.4.9;14.4.4.9 Pectoralis, Biceps;341
8.2.4.4.10;14.4.4.10 Low Back;341
8.2.5;14.5 Release to Unrestricted Sports Activities;342
8.2.6;References;345
8.3;15: Key Vital Steps in Returning Athletes to Sports Following ACL Surgery;349
8.3.1;15.1 Introduction;349
8.3.2;15.2 Return to Sport: 10 Critical Steps for Success;350
8.3.2.1;15.2.1 Key Point 1: Restore Full Passive Knee Motion and Patellar Mobility;350
8.3.2.2;15.2.2 Key Point 2: Normalize Quadriceps Strength;352
8.3.2.3;15.2.3 Key Point 3: Restoration of Neuromuscular Control and Dynamic Functional Stability;353
8.3.2.4;15.2.4 Key Point 4: Retrain the Ability to Change Direction with Skill;355
8.3.2.5;15.2.5 Key Point 5: Restore Lateral Hip Strength;355
8.3.2.6;15.2.6 Key Point 6: Knee Control Must Be Provided from Both Above and Below;356
8.3.2.7;15.2.7 Key Point 7: Improve Hamstrings Activation and Strength;356
8.3.2.8;15.2.8 Key Point 8: Teach Proper Landing Technique;357
8.3.2.9;15.2.9 Key Point 9: Teach Proper Running and Cutting Technique;359
8.3.2.10;15.2.10 Key Point 10: Use Objective Criteria Fulfillment for Progression Back to Sport;360
8.3.3;15.3 Conclusions;363
8.3.4;References;364
8.4;16: Neuroscience Principles for ACL Rehabilitation and Reinjury Risk Reduction;367
8.4.1;16.1 Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury;367
8.4.2;16.2 Limitations of the Classic Structural-Mechanical Model;368
8.4.3;16.3 Neuromuscular Control;369
8.4.4;16.4 Neuromechanical Principles of Performance and Injury Risk;370
8.4.5;16.5 ACL Specific Neurological Adaptations;372
8.4.6;16.6 Neuroplasticity in Sport Rehabilitation;373
8.4.7;16.7 ACL Injury Induced Sensory-Visual-Motor Processing Compensations;375
8.4.8;16.8 Use of Neuromechanical Principles in Clinical Settings;377
8.4.9;16.9 Case Examples;380
8.4.9.1;16.9.1 Case 1;380
8.4.9.2;16.9.2 Case 2;380
8.4.10;References;381
8.5;17: Return to Sport for Soccer and Basketball;390
8.5.1;17.1 Introduction;390
8.5.2;17.2 Techniques for Running, Agility, and Reaction Drills;391
8.5.3;17.3 Soccer (Table 17.1);392
8.5.3.1;17.3.1 Agility and Reaction Drills;392
8.5.3.1.1;17.3.1.1 Serpentine Run;392
8.5.3.1.2;17.3.1.2 Wheel Drill: Listen to Instructor;392
8.5.3.1.3;17.3.1.3 Shuttle Run;392
8.5.3.1.4;17.3.1.4 Sprint-Stop Feet-Listen to Instructor;395
8.5.3.1.5;17.3.1.5 Sprint-Quick Feet-Listen to Instructor;395
8.5.3.1.6;17.3.1.6 Square Drill;395
8.5.3.1.7;17.3.1.7 Nebraska Agility Drill;396
8.5.3.1.8;17.3.1.8 Reaction Drill-Watch Instructor Point;397
8.5.3.1.9;17.3.1.9 Reaction Mirror Drill-Partner Pressing;397
8.5.3.1.10;17.3.1.10 Illinois Drill;397
8.5.3.1.11;17.3.1.11 T-Drill: 5-10-5;397
8.5.3.1.12;17.3.1.12 Advanced Wheel Drill: Listen to Instructor;398
8.5.3.2;17.3.2 Acceleration, Speed, and Endurance Drills;398
8.5.3.2.1;17.3.2.1 Partner Push-Offs;398
8.5.3.2.2;17.3.2.2 Acceleration with Band;399
8.5.3.2.3;17.3.2.3 Sprint with Ground Touches-Backpedal;399
8.5.3.2.4;17.3.2.4 ¼ Eagle Sprint-Backpedal;399
8.5.3.2.5;17.3.2.5 Box Drill, Sprint-90°-Backpedal;399
8.5.3.2.6;17.3.2.6 Sprint-180°-Backpedal;399
8.5.3.2.7;17.3.2.7 Jingle Jangle;400
8.5.3.2.8;17.3.2.8 Sprint-360°-Sprint, Jog Back;400
8.5.3.3;17.3.3 Ladders, Additional Jump Drills;400
8.5.3.3.1;17.3.3.1 Ladder: Up-Up and Back-Back;400
8.5.3.3.2;17.3.3.2 Ladder: Toe Touches;400
8.5.3.3.3;17.3.3.3 Ladder: Outside Foot In;400
8.5.3.3.4;17.3.3.4 Ladder: In-In, Out-Out;402
8.5.3.3.5;17.3.3.5 Ladder: 1 Foot Forward, 1 Foot Backward;402
8.5.3.3.6;17.3.3.6 Dot Drill: Double-Leg Jumps;402
8.5.3.3.7;17.3.3.7 Dot Drill: Split-Leg Jumps;402
8.5.3.3.8;17.3.3.8 Dot Drill: 180° Split-Leg Jumps;404
8.5.3.3.9;17.3.3.9 Dot Drill: Single-Leg Hops;404
8.5.3.3.10;17.3.3.10 Dot Drill: Combo All Jumps;405
8.5.4;17.4 Basketball (Table 17.2);405
8.5.4.1;17.4.1 Agility and Reaction Drills;405
8.5.4.1.1;17.4.1.1 Shuttle Drill;405
8.5.4.1.2;17.4.1.2 Maze Drill;407
8.5.4.1.3;17.4.1.3 Tip Drill;407
8.5.4.1.4;17.4.1.4 Figure 4 Drill;407
8.5.4.1.5;17.4.1.5 Square Drill;408
8.5.4.1.6;17.4.1.6 4 Dot Drill, Ladder;408
8.5.4.1.7;17.4.1.7 Defensive Slides;408
8.5.4.1.8;17.4.1.8 Shoot and Sprint;408
8.5.4.1.9;17.4.1.9 Irish D Drill;408
8.5.4.1.10;17.4.1.10 T-Drill: 5-10-5;410
8.5.4.1.11;17.4.1.11 Kill the Grass Drill;410
8.5.4.2;17.4.2 Acceleration, Speed, and Endurance Drills;410
8.5.4.2.1;17.4.2.1 Mountain Climbers;410
8.5.4.2.2;17.4.2.2 Sprint-Backpedal;411
8.5.4.2.3;17.4.2.3 Suicides;411
8.5.4.2.4;17.4.2.4 Suicides Forward-Backward;411
8.5.4.2.5;17.4.2.5 ¼ Eagle Sprint-Backpedal;411
8.5.4.2.6;17.4.2.6 Suicides: Defensive Slides;411
8.5.4.2.7;17.4.2.7 Sprint with Ground Touches;412
8.5.4.2.8;17.4.2.8 Full-Court Relay;412
8.5.4.2.9;17.4.2.9 Sprint-180°-Backpedal;412
8.5.4.2.10;17.4.2.10 Sprint-Quick Feet-Backpedal;412
8.5.4.2.11;17.4.2.11 Sprint-360°-Backpedal;412
8.5.4.2.12;17.4.2.12 Power Rebounds Relay;412
8.5.4.3;17.4.3 Ladders, Quick Feet, Additional Jump Drills;413
8.5.4.3.1;17.4.3.1 Ladder: High Knees;413
8.5.4.3.2;17.4.3.2 Ladder: Up-Up/Back-Back;413
8.5.4.3.3;17.4.3.3 Ladder: Outside Foot In;413
8.5.4.3.4;17.4.3.4 Ladder: In-In, Out-Out;414
8.5.4.3.5;17.4.3.5 Ladder: Scissors;414
8.5.4.3.6;17.4.3.6 Ladder: Icky Shuffle;414
8.5.4.3.7;17.4.3.7 High Knee Ball Toss Over Barrier;414
8.5.4.3.8;17.4.3.8 Double High Knee Ball Toss Over Barrier;415
8.5.4.3.9;17.4.3.9 Bleacher Jumps;415
8.5.4.3.10;17.4.3.10 Single-Leg Squat Jumps;415
8.5.4.3.11;17.4.3.11 180° Scissor Jumps;415
8.5.4.3.12;17.4.3.12 Dot Drills;415
8.5.5;17.5 Field Test Recommendations;416
8.5.5.1;17.5.1 Soccer Players;416
8.5.5.2;17.5.2 Basketball Players;418
8.5.6;17.6 Results of Programs;420
8.5.6.1;17.6.1 Sportsmetrics Soccer;420
8.5.6.2;17.6.2 Sportsmetrics Basketball;421
8.5.7;References;421
8.6;18: Return to Sport for Tennis;427
8.6.1;18.1 Introduction;427
8.6.2;18.2 Techniques for Running, Agility, and Reaction Drills;432
8.6.3;18.3 Agility and Reaction Drills;434
8.6.3.1;18.3.1 Shadow Swing Baseline, Forehand and Backhand;434
8.6.3.2;18.3.2 Alternating Short/Deep Balls, Forehand and Backhand;434
8.6.3.3;18.3.3 Resistance Belt Forehand and Backhand;435
8.6.3.4;18.3.4 Rapid Drop Feed Forehand and Backhand;435
8.6.3.5;18.3.5 Forehand and Backhand Reaction, Facing Net;436
8.6.3.6;18.3.6 Forehand and Backhand Reaction, Facing Fence;436
8.6.3.7;18.3.7 Rapid Return Serve Feeds Forehand and Backhand;437
8.6.3.8;18.3.8 Ladder Up-Up, Back-Back, Sprint to Groundstroke, Sprint to Volley, Forehand and Backhand;437
8.6.4;18.4 Acceleration, Speed, and Endurance Drills;437
8.6.4.1;18.4.1 Suicides, 1-Court;437
8.6.4.2;18.4.2 Suicides, 2-Court;438
8.6.4.3;18.4.3 Net Zigzag;438
8.6.4.4;18.4.4 Forehand and Backhand Wide Continuous Hitting;438
8.6.4.5;18.4.5 Baseline Random Feed Forehand and Backhand;440
8.6.4.6;18.4.6 Sprint-Quick Feet-Listen to Instructor;440
8.6.5;18.5 Ladders, Quick Feet, Additional Jump Drills;441
8.6.5.1;18.5.1 Ladder: Up-Up, Back-Back, Sprint to Cone, Backpedal;441
8.6.5.2;18.5.2 Backward Broad Jump;441
8.6.5.3;18.5.3 Pattern Jumps;441
8.6.6;18.6 On-the-Court Strength Training;442
8.6.6.1;18.6.1 Medicine Ball Forehand, Backhand, Overhead, Between Legs;442
8.6.6.2;18.6.2 ETCH-Swing Forehand, Backhand, Serve;443
8.6.6.3;18.6.3 Backward Lunge;443
8.6.6.4;18.6.4 Twisting Lunge with Medicine Ball;443
8.6.6.5;18.6.5 Toe Walking;443
8.6.6.6;18.6.6 Wall Push-Ups;443
8.6.6.7;18.6.7 Wall Sits;445
8.6.6.8;18.6.8 TheraBand Crab Walking (Lateral Lunges);446
8.6.6.9;18.6.9 Ball-Wall Exercises;446
8.6.7;18.7 Lower Extremity Power and Dynamic Balance Tests;446
8.6.7.1;18.7.1 Single-Leg Hop;446
8.6.7.2;18.7.2 Single-Leg Triple Crossover Hop;448
8.6.7.3;18.7.3 1-Repetition Maximum Leg Press;448
8.6.7.4;18.7.4 Countermovement Vertical Jump;448
8.6.8;18.8 Upper Body Strength and Power Tests;450
8.6.8.1;18.8.1 Sitting Chest Pass;450
8.6.8.2;18.8.2 Standing Medicine Ball Toss: Chest Pass, Forehand Backhand, Overhead;450
8.6.8.3;18.8.3 1-Repetition Maximum Bench Press;452
8.6.9;18.9 Abdominal Strength and Endurance Tests;452
8.6.9.1;18.9.1 Sit-Up Test;452
8.6.9.2;18.9.2 Abdominal Endurance Test;452
8.6.10;18.10 Speed and Agility Tests;452
8.6.10.1;18.10.1 1-Court Suicide;452
8.6.10.2;18.10.2 Baseline Forehand and Backhand Tests;452
8.6.10.3;18.10.3 Service Box Test;454
8.6.10.4;18.10.4 10-M and 20-M Sprint;454
8.6.11;18.11 Aerobic Fitness Tests;455
8.6.11.1;18.11.1 Multistage Fitness Test;455
8.6.11.2;18.11.2 Intermittent Recovery: Yo-Yo Test Level 1 and Level 2;455
8.6.12;18.12 Results of Program;456
8.6.13;References;457
9;Part V: Objective Testing;462
9.1;19: The Physician´s Comprehensive Examination for Return to Sport;463
9.1.1;19.1 Introduction;463
9.1.2;19.2 Radiographs;468
9.1.3;19.3 Range of Knee Motion, Muscle Strength, and Gait;470
9.1.4;19.4 Patellofemoral Examination;470
9.1.5;19.5 Meniscus Tests;474
9.1.6;19.6 Knee Ligament Tests;474
9.1.6.1;19.6.1 Anterior Cruciate Ligament;474
9.1.6.2;19.6.2 Posterior Cruciate Ligament;477
9.1.6.3;19.6.3 Medial Collateral Ligament;477
9.1.6.4;19.6.4 Lateral Collateral Ligament and Posterolateral Structures;478
9.1.7;19.7 Determination of Articular Cartilage Damage;479
9.1.8;19.8 Diagnosis of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome;480
9.1.9;References;481
9.2;20: Neuromuscular Function, Agility, and Aerobic Testing;485
9.2.1;20.1 Introduction;485
9.2.2;20.2 Cost-Effective Neuro­muscular Function Tests;486
9.2.2.1;20.2.1 Video Drop-Jump Screening Test;486
9.2.2.2;20.2.2 Video Plant and Cut Test;489
9.2.3;20.3 Agility Tests;490
9.2.3.1;20.3.1 T-test;490
9.2.3.2;20.3.2 Pro-Agility Test;490
9.2.3.3;20.3.3 Illinois Agility Test;492
9.2.3.4;20.3.4 505 Test;492
9.2.4;20.4 Aerobic Tests;492
9.2.4.1;20.4.1 Estimated Maximal Oxygen Uptake: Multistage Fitness Test;492
9.2.4.2;20.4.2 Intermittent Recovery: Yo-Yo Test Level 1 and Level 2;499
9.2.5;References;501
9.3;21: Muscle Strength and Dynamic Balance Stability Tests;508
9.3.1;21.1 Introduction;508
9.3.2;21.2 Muscle Strength Tests;508
9.3.2.1;21.2.1 Isokinetic Testing;508
9.3.2.2;21.2.2 Isometric Testing Using an Isokinetic Dynamometer;510
9.3.2.3;21.2.3 Isometric Testing with a Hand-Held Dynamometer;513
9.3.2.4;21.2.4 1-Repetition Maximum Leg Press;514
9.3.2.5;21.2.5 Anaerobic Power: Vertical Jump;515
9.3.2.6;21.2.6 Abdominal Strength and Endurance;515
9.3.2.7;21.2.7 Core Stability;515
9.3.3;21.3 Single-Leg Dynamic Balance Stability Tests;517
9.3.3.1;21.3.1 Hop Tests;517
9.3.3.1.1;21.3.1.1 Single Hop;517
9.3.3.1.2;21.3.1.2 Triple Hop;519
9.3.3.1.3;21.3.1.3 Triple Crossover Hop;519
9.3.3.1.4;21.3.1.4 Timed 6-M Hop;519
9.3.3.2;21.3.2 Star Excursion Balance Test;520
9.3.3.3;21.3.3 Y-Balance Test;520
9.3.3.4;21.3.4 Squat Test;522
9.3.3.5;21.3.5 Timed Step-Down Test;522
9.3.4;References;524
9.4;22: Neurocognitive Testing;532
9.4.1;22.1 Introduction;532
9.4.2;22.2 Neurocognitive Function and ACL Injury;532
9.4.3;22.3 Computerized Neurocognitive Tests;535
9.4.3.1;22.3.1 Factors and Limitations Affecting Neurocognitive Assessment Tools;536
9.4.4;22.4 Types of NCATs;537
9.4.4.1;22.4.1 Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT);537
9.4.4.2;22.4.2 Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM);538
9.4.4.3;22.4.3 Axon Sports Computerized Cognitive Assessment Tool (CogSport/CogState);538
9.4.4.4;22.4.4 Defense Automated Neurobehavioral Assessment (DANA);539
9.4.4.5;22.4.5 National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB);539
9.4.5;22.5 Future Directions: Executive Function Training?;540
9.4.6;References;540
10;Part VI: Psychological Readiness;544
10.1;23: Validated Questionnaires to Measure Return to Sport and Psychological Factors;545
10.1.1;23.1 Introduction;545
10.1.2;23.2 Sports Activity Scales;545
10.1.2.1;23.2.1 Cincinnati Sports Activity Scale;545
10.1.2.2;23.2.2 Tegner Activity Scale;547
10.1.2.3;23.2.3 Marx Sports Activity Scale;549
10.1.2.4;23.2.4 IKDC Sports Scale;550
10.1.3;23.3 Psychological Questionnaires (Table 23.7);550
10.1.3.1;23.3.1 ACL-Return to Sport After Injury (ACL-RSI) Scale;550
10.1.3.2;23.3.2 Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) [41, 42];552
10.1.3.3;23.3.3 Knee Self-Efficacy Scale (K-SES) [57];552
10.1.3.4;23.3.4 Injury-Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport Scale (I-PRRS) [61];553
10.1.3.5;23.3.5 Reinjury Anxiety Inventory (RIA) [63];553
10.1.3.6;23.3.6 Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS) [64];555
10.1.3.7;23.3.7 Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale [68];557
10.1.3.8;23.3.8 State-Trait Anxiety Inventory [74];557
10.1.4;23.4 Conclusions;557
10.1.5;References;560
10.2;24: Identification and Management of Psychosocial Issues in the Athlete for Return to Sport;564
10.2.1;24.1 Introduction;564
10.2.2;24.2 Psychosocial Models for Return to Sport;564
10.2.3;24.3 Cognitive Factors;565
10.2.3.1;24.3.1 Expectation of Recovery;565
10.2.3.2;24.3.2 Motivation to Return to Sport;566
10.2.3.3;24.3.3 Self-Efficacy;567
10.2.4;24.4 Emotional Factors;567
10.2.4.1;24.4.1 Mood and Anxiety;567
10.2.4.2;24.4.2 Fear of Movement or Reinjury;568
10.2.5;24.5 Psychological Readiness;568
10.2.6;24.6 Behavioral Factors;568
10.2.6.1;24.6.1 Rehabilitation Adherence;568
10.2.7;24.7 Management Strategies for Addressing Psychosocial Factors;569
10.2.7.1;24.7.1 Psychosocial Strategies from Randomized Trials;569
10.2.7.2;24.7.2 Psychosocial Strategies from Case Studies;570
10.2.7.3;24.7.3 Other Psychosocial Strategies;570
10.2.8;24.8 Future Directions for Research;571
10.2.9;24.9 Conclusion;571
10.2.10;References;571
11;Part VII: Other Knee Operations;575
11.1;25: Return to Sport After ACL Revision Reconstruction: Is It Advisable?;576
11.1.1;25.1 Introduction;576
11.1.2;25.2 Return to Sport: Rates and Influential Factors from Clinical Studies;577
11.1.3;25.3 Reinjury/Failure Rates and Significant Factors;584
11.1.4;25.4 Criteria for Return to Sports;584
11.1.5;25.5 Multiple-Revision ACL Reconstruction Studies;585
11.1.6;25.6 Conclusions and Future Study Considerations;586
11.1.7;References;588
11.2;26: Return-to-Sport Considerations in the Pre-Adolescent Athlete;591
11.2.1;26.1 Introduction;591
11.2.2;26.2 Preoperative Considerations;591
11.2.2.1;26.2.1 Skeletal vs. Bone Age;591
11.2.2.2;26.2.2 Standing Alignment;592
11.2.2.3;26.2.3 Graft Selection;592
11.2.2.4;26.2.4 Partial ACL Tears;592
11.2.3;26.3 Surgical Techniques for Skeletally Immature Patients;592
11.2.3.1;26.3.1 Micheli/Kocher Technique;592
11.2.3.2;26.3.2 Anderson Technique;593
11.2.4;26.4 Rehabilitation Considerations in the Child/Pre-Adolescent Patient;593
11.2.5;26.5 Return-to-Sport Functional Testing;597
11.2.6;26.6 Functional Knee Bracing;597
11.2.7;26.7 Psychological Readiness;598
11.2.8;26.8 Factors Affecting Rate of Reinjury;599
11.2.9;26.9 Outcomes;599
11.2.10;26.10 Complications in the Pre-Adolescent Patient;600
11.2.10.1;26.10.1 Growth Disturbance;600
11.2.10.2;26.10.2 Arthrofibrosis;600
11.2.11;26.11 Prevention;601
11.2.12;26.12 Summary;601
11.2.13;References;601
11.3;27: Return to Sport After Meniscus Operations: Meniscectomy, Repair, and Transplantation;604
11.3.1;27.1 Introduction;604
11.3.1.1;27.1.1 Functions of the Menisci and the Importance of Preservation;604
11.3.1.2;27.1.2 Options for Treatment of Meniscus Tears in Athletes;606
11.3.2;27.2 Return to Sport After Meniscectomy;609
11.3.2.1;27.2.1 RTS Rates and Influential Factors;613
11.3.2.2;27.2.2 Rehabilitation Criteria for RTS;614
11.3.2.3;27.2.3 Progression of Knee Osteoarthritis;614
11.3.3;27.3 Return to Sport After Meniscus Repair;614
11.3.3.1;27.3.1 RTS Rates and Influential Factors;614
11.3.3.2;27.3.2 Rehabilitation Criteria for RTS;618
11.3.3.3;27.3.3 Failure Rates of Meniscus Repairs;618
11.3.3.4;27.3.4 Progression of Knee Osteoarthritis;620
11.3.4;27.4 Return to Sport After Meniscus Transplantation;620
11.3.4.1;27.4.1 RTS Rates and Influential Factors;620
11.3.4.2;27.4.2 Rehabilitation Criteria for RTS;623
11.3.4.3;27.4.3 Failure Rates of Meniscus Transplants;623
11.3.4.4;27.4.4 Progression of Knee Osteoarthritis;624
11.3.5;27.5 Conclusions and Comments;624
11.3.6;References;624
11.4;28: Return to Sport After Patellofemoral Realignment and Stabilization Procedures;632
11.4.1;28.1 Introduction;632
11.4.2;28.2 Return to Sport After MPFL Reconstruction;636
11.4.3;28.3 Return to Sport After Patellar Realignment Procedures;636
11.4.4;28.4 Failure Rates;645
11.4.5;28.5 Advances in Operative Techniques for RTS;646
11.4.6;28.6 Postoperative Rehabilitation Concepts;646
11.4.7;References;649
11.5;29: Return to Sport After Cartilage Procedures;655
11.5.1;29.1 Introduction;655
11.5.2;29.2 Microfracture;656
11.5.3;29.3 MACI;658
11.5.4;29.4 Osteochondral Autograft Transplantation;660
11.5.5;29.5 Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation;662
11.5.6;29.6 Rehabilitation Protocol;664
11.5.7;29.7 Discussion;664
11.5.8;29.8 Conclusion;665
11.5.9;References;665
11.6;30: Return to Sport After Unicondylar, Patellofemoral, and Total Knee Arthroplasty;669
11.6.1;30.1 Introduction;669
11.6.2;30.2 RTS After Unicondylar Knee Arthroplasty;671
11.6.2.1;30.2.1 Medial UKA;671
11.6.2.2;30.2.2 Lateral UKA;674
11.6.3;30.3 RTS After Patellofemoral Arthroplasty;674
11.6.4;30.4 RTS After Total Knee Arthroplasty;676
11.6.5;30.5 Rehabilitation Principles for RTS After Partial or Total Knee Arthroplasty;682
11.6.5.1;30.5.1 Criteria for Return to Recreational Sports;687
11.6.6;30.6 Conclusions and Comments;688
11.6.7;References;689
12;Index;693mehr

Autor

Frank R. Noyes, MD, works at the Cincinnati SportsMedicine and Orthopaedic Center/Mercy Health, which he founded and where he has served as CEO since 1981. He is also President and Medical Director of the Noyes Knee Institute in Cincinnati, Ohio. Prior to founding the Center, Dr. Noyes was Director of the Sports Medicine Institute in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at the University of Cincinnati. He is currently a Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Emeritus, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine from 2017. Dr. Noyes has received numerous awards and honors, including the Kappa Delta Research Award from the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, the Dr. Ernst Jokl Sports Medicine Award from the U.S. Sports Academy, and induction into the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine's Hall of Fame. He was the most frequently cited author in orthopaedic and sports medicine in 2012. In 2013 he served as President of the Herodicus Society, which is considered the premier group of American, Canadian, and European sports medicine physicians. Dr. Noyes has held numerous editorial board appointments for leading journals. He has published over 400 articles in peer-reviewed journals and medical textbooks, is the editor of Noyes' Knee Disorders: Surgery, Rehabilitation, Clinical Outcomes, 1st and 2nd editions, co-editor of ACL Injuries in the Female Athlete: Causes, Impacts, and Conditioning Programs, 1st and 2nd editions, and co-editor of 12 eBooks that discuss a variety of knee and lower limb conditions.

Sue D. Barber-Westin, BS, is Director of Clinical & Applied Research at the Cincinnati SportsMedicine Research and Education Foundation and the Noyes Knee Institute, a position she has held since 1985. She is also the founder of Westin Research Consulting, which provides research consultation services. Ms. Barber-Westin is an exceptionally experienced clinical research professional specialized in the development, implementation, and completion of outcome studies in orthopaedics and sports medicine. Along with Dr. Noyes, she has conducted over 70 clinical research projects involving 7000 patients and volunteer subjects, and published over 200 papers in peer-reviewed orthopaedic journals and medical textbooks. In 2004, Ms. Barber-Westin and Dr. Noyes received the OREF Clinical Research Award, presented jointly by the Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Ms. Barber-Westin is associate editor of Noyes' Knee Disorders: Surgery, Rehabilitation, Clinical Outcomes, 1st and 2nd editions, co-editor of ACL Injuries in the Female Athlete: Causes, Impacts, and Conditioning Programs, 1st and 2nd editions, and co-editor of 12 eBooks that discuss a variety of knee and lower limb conditions.