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Enhanced methods for analysing landscape structure

Landscape metrics for characterising three-dimensional patterns and ecological gradients
BuchKartoniert, Paperback
180 Seiten
Englisch
Rhombos-Verlagerschienen am01.10.2009Fernerkundung und angewandte Geoinformatik (TY500), Band: 6
Sebastian HoechstetterEnhanced methods for analysing landscape structureLandscape metrics for characterising three-dimensional patterns and ecological gradientsBand 6 der Reihe Fernerkundung und angewandte Geoinformatik . Herausgegeben von Univ. Prof. Dr. habil. Elmar Csaplovics, Lehrstuhl Remote Sensing, FR Geowissenschaften, TU Dresden180 Seiten. Format B5. Broschur. Zahlreiche Abbildungen, 3 davon farbig. Preis: 32,80 Euro. (Sprache: Englisch)ISBN 978-3-941216-13-6. Rhombos-Verlag, Berlin 2009One of the central goals of landscape ecology is relating spatial patterns to ecological processes. Therefore, effective methods for measuring landscape structure are needed. One of the most widely used approaches in this context is the patch-corridor-matrix model, which regards landscapes as being mosaics made up of different units or elements. But this concept is connected with a number of problems. For example, the third spatial dimension (elevation) and ecological gradients are largely neglected and cannot be analysed using standard landscape metrics. In this research study, these deficiencies are dealt with in detail and possible methodical solutions are presented. This way, this work is meant to contribute to an improved concept of landscape structure analysis in order to meet the challenges posed by the complexity of landscape ecological problems. It addresses the needs of both scientists and practitioners in this field.mehr

Produkt

KlappentextSebastian HoechstetterEnhanced methods for analysing landscape structureLandscape metrics for characterising three-dimensional patterns and ecological gradientsBand 6 der Reihe Fernerkundung und angewandte Geoinformatik . Herausgegeben von Univ. Prof. Dr. habil. Elmar Csaplovics, Lehrstuhl Remote Sensing, FR Geowissenschaften, TU Dresden180 Seiten. Format B5. Broschur. Zahlreiche Abbildungen, 3 davon farbig. Preis: 32,80 Euro. (Sprache: Englisch)ISBN 978-3-941216-13-6. Rhombos-Verlag, Berlin 2009One of the central goals of landscape ecology is relating spatial patterns to ecological processes. Therefore, effective methods for measuring landscape structure are needed. One of the most widely used approaches in this context is the patch-corridor-matrix model, which regards landscapes as being mosaics made up of different units or elements. But this concept is connected with a number of problems. For example, the third spatial dimension (elevation) and ecological gradients are largely neglected and cannot be analysed using standard landscape metrics. In this research study, these deficiencies are dealt with in detail and possible methodical solutions are presented. This way, this work is meant to contribute to an improved concept of landscape structure analysis in order to meet the challenges posed by the complexity of landscape ecological problems. It addresses the needs of both scientists and practitioners in this field.
Details
ISBN/GTIN978-3-941216-13-6
ProduktartBuch
EinbandartKartoniert, Paperback
FormatUngenäht / geklebt
ErscheinungsortBerlin
ErscheinungslandDeutschland
Erscheinungsjahr2009
Erscheinungsdatum01.10.2009
AuflageFernerkundung und angewandte Geoinformatik (TY500), Band: 6
Seiten180 Seiten
SpracheEnglisch
Gewicht350 g
IllustrationenZahlreiche Abbildungen, 3 davon farbig
Artikel-Nr.16466604

Inhalt/Kritik

Inhaltsverzeichnis
Table of contentsList of figures XVIList of tables XVIIIList of abbreviations XIXAbstract XXIKurzfassung XXIII1 Introduction 11.1 Background and research questions: Modern landscape ecology and its shortcomings 11.2 Structure of the present work 32 Theoretical background 52.1 Landscape as a research subject - History, terms and definitions 52.1.1 A brief history of landscape ecology 52.1.2 Landscape definitions 72.1.3 Landscape ecology - two fundamental approaches 92.1.4 General principles in landscape ecology 112.2 Models and concepts in landscape ecology 122.2.1 The North American approach and the patch-corridor-matrix model 122.2.1.1 Landscape elements 132.2.1.2 Spatial heterogeneity and landscape structure 172.2.1.3 Landscape metrics - Theory, software, application 192.2.1.4 Scale and landscape structure - Effects and implications 242.2.2 An alternative approach: the Leipzig-Dresden School 283 Motivation: reasons for enhancing the patch-corridor-matrix model 313.1 The 3D -aspect: the third spatial dimension in landscape ecology 323.1.1 The necessity of integrating the third dimension into landscape ecological analyses 323.1.2 An overview of existing methodical approaches 353.1.2.1 Relief parameters and relief classification 353.1.2.2 Landform indices 383.1.2.3 Texture analysis 423.2 The gradient -aspect: the assessment of ecological gradients 433.2.1 Relevance of gradients and distance decay in ecological systems 433.2.2 Existing approaches for the analysis of ecological gradients 463.2.2.1 Usage of moving windows in landscape ecology 463.2.2.2 Multi-scale analyses 483.2.2.3 Fuzzy approaches 503.2.2.4 Spectral and wavelet analysis 513.3 The technology -aspect: Advancing software performance and new base data as a foundation for new analysis approaches 533.3.1 Geographic Information Systems: On the way to 3D-GIS 533.3.2 High-resolution elevation data 554 A proposal of new methodical approaches 594.1 Metrics for the assessment of the third dimension 594.1.1 Adjusted calculation formulas for standard landscape metrics 594.1.1.1 General correction approach for patch area and perimeter 604.1.1.2 Area and perimeter metrics 634.1.1.3 Shape metrics 654.1.1.4 Edge metrics 674.1.1.5 Fragmentation metrics 684.1.1.6 Diversity metrics 694.1.1.7 Contrast metrics 704.1.1.8 Distance Metrics - A correction approach using the A*-algorithm 724.1.2 Surface metrology 774.2 Ecological gradients 794.2.1 Lacunarity analysis 794.2.2 Landform indices and lacunarity analysis combined 834.3 Technical implementation - The ArcGIS-extension LandMetrics-3D 835 Examples of use and results: application and functional relevance of the proposed analysis methods 875.1 Comparing 2D and 3D landscape metrics using neutral landscape models 875.2 General index behaviour under realistic conditions 905.2.1 Study areas and data basis 905.2.1.1 Study areas 1 and 2: Rathen and Rosenthal (Saxony) 915.2.1.2 Study area 3: Bad Urach (Baden-Wuerttemberg) 925.2.1.3 Data basis 925.2.2 Basic patch geometries 955.2.3 General behaviour of landscape metrics in the study areas 975.2.3.1 Shape metrics 975.2.3.2 Edge metrics 985.2.3.3 Fragmentation metrics 985.2.3.4 Diversity metrics 995.2.3.5 Isolation/proximity metrics 1005.2.3.6 Contrast metrics 1025.2.3.7 Surface metrology indices 1045.3 Analysis of scale effects connected with the proposed 3D-metrics 1065.4 3D-metrics in different regions: Case study analysis using additional German study areas 1105.5 Lacunarity analysis in practice 1155.5.1 Application to simulated data 1155.5.2 Lacunarity analysis performed on a normalised digital surface model 1165.5.3 Application of lacunarity analysis in combination with landform indices 1206 Discussion and evaluation 1236.1 Evaluation of the applied methods 1236.1.1 Applying correction algorithms to standard landscape metrics 1236.1.2 The value of surface metrology indices 1256.1.3 Interpretation of the scale effects 1266.1.4 General applicability in different terrain situations 1276.1.5 Lacunarity analysis as a tool for the assessment of ecological gradients 1286.2 Summarising evaluation and comparison with existing methods 1296.3 Possible fields of application 133Summary and outlook 137References 141mehr
Vorwort
ForewordThis research work presents innovative methods for advancing the science of landscape structure analysis . The study was carried out under the Leibniz Institute of Ecological and Regional Development project Landscape Metrics for Analysing Spatio-Temporal Dimensions (4-D Indices) financed by the German Research Foundation (DFG). The background is an approach widely used in landscape ecology under which the structure of landscapes, in other words the "pattern" or "mosaic" of landscapes, is treated as a composition and configuration of discrete landscape elements ( patches ) such as individual land use units. Landscape metrics enable these spatial patterns to be quantified. The aim is to determine the structure of a landscape, for instance to document it for monitoring purposes or to provide input parameters for simulation models in landscape ecology.This research work presents innovative methods for advancing the science of landscape structure analysis . The study was carried out under the Leibniz Institute of Ecological and Regional Development project Landscape Metrics for Analysing Spatio-Temporal Dimensions (4-D Indices) financed by the German Research Foundation (DFG). The background is an approach widely used in landscape ecology under which the structure of landscapes, in other words the "pattern" or "mosaic" of landscapes, is treated as a composition and configuration of discrete landscape elements ( patches ) such as individual land use units. Landscape metrics enable these spatial patterns to be quantified. The aim is to determine the structure of a landscape, for instance to document it for monitoring purposes or to provide input parameters for simulation models in landscape ecology.Landscape metrics are now used in much scientific experimental work in Europe and North America. In recent years they have also found practical application, for example in assessment procedures for planning. Landscape metrics are currently making the transition from scientific use to use in practical fields. Since these parameters can in many cases complement or supplement existing methods, any obstacles or uncertainties need to be eliminated.Against this background, Sebastian Hoechstetter discusses the shortcomings of the landscape structure analysis approach and its potential for expansion. On the basis of comprehensive research, he clearly demonstrates the problems posed by the need to include the third dimension and by the hitherto sharp definition of boundaries between patches. For instance, landscape metrics mostly take account only of the twodimensional surface. Ecologically significant three-dimensional structures, like elevation or differences in height to neighbouring patches are more or less ignored; nor is height structure (texture) within a use class taken into account.In considering the further development of landscape metrics, Sebastian Hoechstetter therefore focuses on capturing three-dimensional patterns and ecological gradients. In the first place, this involves integrating true surface areas and distances into common landscape metrics. Metrics hitherto used only in the material sciences, namely in surface metrology are also drawn on at the landscape level. A new development is the measurement of lacunarity. In describing the methodological state of the art in this field, Hoechstetter includes geomorphology, which, so far relatively independently of the landscape metrics of landscape ecology, has developed its own parameters for describing relief.More or less on the side , Hoechstetter provides an overview of the national and international state of the art in landscape structure analysis, of how the subject matter relates to landscape ecology and landscape research, and of the roots of the German and North American schools. The LandMetrics-3D tool should also be mentioned, which enable the indices developed to be used. The author collaborated on its development in the context of the project financed by the German Research Foundation. With the aid of this tool, the metrics could be used for neutral, simulated landscapes and subsequently for test areas in Saxony and Baden-Württemberg and their behaviour tested in landscapes of differing relief.In the concluding section Sebastian Hoechstetter critically discusses the results obtained and the subject matter of landscape metrics.Hoechstetter s study makes an important contribution to progress in this area of research - also in the international context. This is evidenced by the innovative approaches he has developed and which he presents in exemplary fashion. He has thus provided not only a comprehensive treatment of the current status of research but has also led the way in a topical line of research in the analysis of landscape structure. In particular, Hoechstetter points to concrete potential for further research into ecological gradients.Over and above this, the work shows the need and potential for application in the fields of planning, landscape ecology, and nature conservation. It is clear that there are practical applications for landscape metrics and that the methods he has developed are not merely a theoretical construct.I am certain that the work will gain widespread acclaim.Dr. Ulrich WalzActing Head of the Research Area Development and Management of Landscapes Leibniz Institute of Ecological and Regional Development, Dresdenmehr

Autor

The authorSebastian Hoechstetter (born in 1979) studied Geoecology at the University of Karlsruhe and the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen from 1999 to 2004 with study and research stays in Ireland (University College Cork) and Switzerland (Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon Research Station). He also completed an internship at the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ in Leipzig. Since 2005, he has been working as a research associate at the Leibniz Institute of Ecological and Regional Development in Dresden in the fields of landscape ecology, biodiversity and climate research. This thesis was part of his PhD degree received from the Dresden University of Technology in 2009.Kontakt: Leibniz-Institut für ökologische Raumentwicklung e. V., Dresden, http://www.ioer.de/
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