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Ionospheric Effects of Solar Flares

BuchKartoniert, Paperback
305 Seiten
Englisch
Springer Netherlandserschienen am07.01.2012Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1974
Sudden Ionospheric Disturbances resulting from an interaction of the Solar Flare radiation with the constituents of the upper atmosphere constitute one of the three major aspects of ground level monitoring of solar flares -the other two being optical observations of flares, and the observations of solar bursts in radio wavelengths.mehr
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Produkt

KlappentextSudden Ionospheric Disturbances resulting from an interaction of the Solar Flare radiation with the constituents of the upper atmosphere constitute one of the three major aspects of ground level monitoring of solar flares -the other two being optical observations of flares, and the observations of solar bursts in radio wavelengths.
Details
ISBN/GTIN978-94-010-2233-0
ProduktartBuch
EinbandartKartoniert, Paperback
Erscheinungsjahr2012
Erscheinungsdatum07.01.2012
AuflageSoftcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1974
ReiheAstrophysics and Space Science Library
Seiten305 Seiten
SpracheEnglisch
Illustrationen305 p.
Artikel-Nr.29954992

Inhalt/Kritik

Inhaltsverzeichnis
1 / Introduction.- 2 / Description of SID Techniques and Observations.- 2.1. The Sudden Enhancement of Atmospherics (SEAs).- 2.2. Sudden Enhancement of Signal Strengths (SES), Sudden Field Anomalies (SFA).- 2.3. Sudden Phase Anomalies (SPA).- 2.4. Short Wave Fadeouts (SWF).- 2.5. Sudden Cosmic Noise Absorption (SCNA).- 2.6. Sudden Increase of fmin (SIF).- 2.7. Flare Effects Observed with Pulsed Transmitters.- 2.8. Sudden Frequency Deviations.- 2.9. Wave Interaction Technique.- 2.10. Partial Reflection Observations.- 2.11. Satellite Radio Beacon Experiment - Changes in Total Electron Content (SITEC).- 2.12. Incoherent-Scatter Technique.- 2.13. Rocket Soundings.- 2.14. A Comparative Evaluation of Electron Density Profile Errors.- 3 / Flare Radiations Responsible for Ionospheric Effects.- 3.1. Quiet-Day Solar Flux in the EUV and X-Ray Regions.- 3.2. Flaretime Enhancements in XUV Fluxes.- 3.3. X-Ray Spectral Development.- 3.4. Photoelectrons During Flares.- 4 / SID Phenomenology.- 4.1. Occurrence of SIDs with X-Ray, EUV Flares and Microwave Bursts.- 4.2. Threshold X-Ray Flux for the Production of an SID.- 4.3. Level of Solar Radio Flux in the 3000 MHz Region and Its Relation to the Occurrence of Sudden Ionospheric Disturbances.- 4.4. The Size Correlation.- 4.5. Time of Growth and Relaxation Time.- 4.6. SDA Characteristics and Implications.- 4.7. Examinations of Complete Time Profiles of X-Ray Flares, Radio Noise Bursts and SID Effects.- 5 / Some Simple Analysis Techniques.- 5.1. Photoionization Rates and Equations of Continuity.- 5.2. Use of Relaxation Time.- 5.3. Decay Curve Analysis.- 5.4. Simultaneous Correlation of ?? and ? A.- 5.5. Zenith Angle Dependence of SIDs.- 6 / Some Outstanding Solar Flare Events.- 6.1. Ionospheric Effects of the Flare of July 7, 1966.-6.2. Ionospheric Effects of the Solar Flares of May, 1967.- 6.3. Ionospheric Effects of the Solar Flare of July 8, 1968.- 6.4. Ionospheric Effects of August 1972 Flare Events.- 7 / Development of Electron Density Profiles From Synoptic SIDs.- 7.1. Profiles from SCNA Measurements.- 7.2. Profile Determination from Simultaneous Use of SCNA and SPA Measurements.- 7.3. Profiles from Phase and Amplitude Measurements at VLF.- 8 / D-Region Ionization Profiles and Loss Rates During Flares.- 8.1. Flare Ionization Profiles.- 8.2. Loss Rate During Flares.- 9 / SIDs as a Tool for the Study of Aeronomy and Ion Chemistry.- 9.1. Photoionization Rates During Solar Flares.- 9.2. Minor Neutral Constituents in the Mesosphere.- 9.3. Ion Composition.- 9.4. Information on Nitric Oxide from Simultaneous Measurements of Electron Density and Solar X-Rays During Flares.- 9.5. Chemistry of D-Region During Flares.- 9.6. F-Region During Flares.- 10 / SIDs as Flare Radiation Monitoring Techniques.- 10.1. Information on the X-Ray Region.- 10.2. Information on EUV Flux from F-Region SIDs.- 11 / Polar Cap Absorption Events.- 11.1. Radio Measurement Techniques.- 11.2. PCA Morphology.- 11.3. November 1969 PCA Events.- 11.4. Principal Aeronomic Features of the Lower Ionosphere During a Major PCA.- 11.5. Chemistry of the Lower Ionosphere During PCAs.- References.- Special Data Volumes, Books and Conference Proceedings.- Index of Names.- Index of Subjects.mehr