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E-BookPDFDRM AdobeE-Book
452 Seiten
Englisch
Elsevier Science & Techn.erschienen am19.09.2002
This new edition has been extensively revised and updated since the 3rd edition published in 1994. It contains an even greater depth of industrial information, focussing on how copper metal is extracted from ore and scrap, and how this extraction could be made more efficient.

Modern high intensity smelting processes are presented in detail, specifically flash, Contop, Isasmelt, Noranda, Teniente and direct-to-blister smelting. Considerable attention is paid to the control of SO2 emissions and manufacture of H2SO4. Recent developments in electrorefining, particularly stainless steel cathode technology are examined. Leaching, solvent extraction and electrowinning are evaluated together with their impact upon optimizing mineral resource utilization. The book demonstrates how recycling of copper and copper alloy scrap is an important source of copper and copper alloys. Copper quality control is also discussed and the book incorporates an important section on extraction economics.
Each chapter is followed by a summary of concepts previously described and offers suggested further reading and references.mehr
Verfügbare Formate
TaschenbuchKartoniert, Paperback
EUR212,50
E-BookPDFDRM AdobeE-Book
EUR165,00

Produkt

KlappentextThis new edition has been extensively revised and updated since the 3rd edition published in 1994. It contains an even greater depth of industrial information, focussing on how copper metal is extracted from ore and scrap, and how this extraction could be made more efficient.

Modern high intensity smelting processes are presented in detail, specifically flash, Contop, Isasmelt, Noranda, Teniente and direct-to-blister smelting. Considerable attention is paid to the control of SO2 emissions and manufacture of H2SO4. Recent developments in electrorefining, particularly stainless steel cathode technology are examined. Leaching, solvent extraction and electrowinning are evaluated together with their impact upon optimizing mineral resource utilization. The book demonstrates how recycling of copper and copper alloy scrap is an important source of copper and copper alloys. Copper quality control is also discussed and the book incorporates an important section on extraction economics.
Each chapter is followed by a summary of concepts previously described and offers suggested further reading and references.
Details
Weitere ISBN/GTIN9780080531526
ProduktartE-Book
EinbandartE-Book
FormatPDF
Format HinweisDRM Adobe
Erscheinungsjahr2002
Erscheinungsdatum19.09.2002
Seiten452 Seiten
SpracheEnglisch
Dateigrösse52063 Kbytes
Artikel-Nr.2738730
Rubriken
Genre9200

Inhalt/Kritik

Inhaltsverzeichnis
1;Front Cover;1
2;Extractive Metallurgy of Copper;7
3;Copyright Page;8
4;Contents;9
5;Preface;17
6;Preface to the Third Edition;19
7;Preface to the Second Edition;21
8;Preface to the First Edition;23
9;Chapter 1. Overview;25
9.1;1.1 Introduction;25
9.2;1.2 Extracting Copper from Copper-Iron-Sulfide Ores;25
9.3;1.3 Hydrometallurgical Extraction of Copper;35
9.4;1.4 Melting and Casting Cathode Copper;37
9.5;1.5 Recycle of Copper and Copper-Alloy Scrap;39
9.6;1.6 Summary;39
9.7;Suggested Reading;40
9.8;References;40
10;Chapter 2. Production and Use;41
10.1;2.1 Locations of Copper Deposits;42
10.2;2.2 Location of Extraction Plants;42
10.3;2.3 Copper Minerals and Cut-Off Grades;43
10.4;2.4 Price of Copper;52
10.5;2.5 Summary;53
10.6;References;53
11;Chapter 3. Concentrating Copper Ores;55
11.1;3.1 Concentration Flowsheet ;55
11.2;3.2 Crushing and Grinding (Comminution);57
11.3;3.3 Flotation Feed Particle Size;62
11.4;3.4 Froth Flotation;66
11.5;3.5 Specific Flotation Procedures far Cu Ores;70
11.6;3.6 Flotation Cells;73
11.7;3.7 Sensors, Operation and Control;74
11.8;3.8 The Flotation Product;76
11.9;3.9 Other Flotation Separations ;77
11.10;3.10 Summary;77
11.11;Suggested Reading;78
11.12;References;78
12;Chapter 4 Matte Smelting Fundamentals;81
12.1;4.1 Why Smelting? ;81
12.2;4.2 Matte and Slag;83
12.3;4.3 Reactions During Matte Smelting;89
12.4;4.4 The Smelting Process: General Considerations;90
12.5;4.5 Smelting Products: Matte, Slag and Offgas;91
12.6;4.6 Summary;94
12.7;Suggested Reading ;94
12.8;References;94
13;Chapter 5. Flash Smelting-Outokumpu Process;97
13.1;5.1 Outokumpu Flash Furnace;98
13.2;5.2 Peripheral Equipment;101
13.3;5.3 Furnace Operation;106
13.4;5.4 Control;107
13.5;5.5 Impurity Behavior;110
13.6;5.6 Future Trends;111
13.7;5.7 Summary;111
13.8;Suggested Reading;112
13.9;References;112
14;Chapter 6. Inco Flash Smelting;115
14.1;6.1 Furnace Details;115
14.2;6.2 Auxiliary Equipment;120
14.3;6.3 Operation;121
14.4;6.4 Control Strategy;122
14.5;6.5 Cu-in-Slag and Molten Converter Slag Recycle;124
14.6;6.6 Inco vs. Outokumpu Flash Smelting;125
14.7;6.7 Summary;125
14.8;Suggested Reading ;125
14.9;References;126
15;Chapter 7. Noranda and Teniente Smelting;127
15.1;7.1 Noranda Process;128
15.2;7.2 Reaction Mechanisms;130
15.3;7.3 Operation and Control;132
15.4;7.4 Production Rate Enhancement;133
15.5;7.5 Noranda Future;134
15.6;7.6 Teniente Smelting;134
15.7;7.7 Process Description;135
15.8;7.8 Operation;135
15.9;7.9 Control;137
15.10;7.10 Impurity Distribution;138
15.11;7.11 Teniente Future;139
15.12;7.12 Discussion;139
15.13;7.13 Summary;140
15.14;Suggested Reading;141
15.15;References ;141
16;Chapter 8. Ausmelt/lsasmelt Matte Smelting;143
16.1;8.1 Basic Operations;143
16.2;8.2 Feed Materials ;144
16.3;8.3 The Isasmelt Furnace and Lance;144
16.4;8.4 Smelting Mechanisms;149
16.5;8.5 Startup and Shutdown;150
16.6;8.6 Current Installations;150
16.7;8.7 Other Coppermaking Uses of Ausmelt/Isasmelt Technology;151
16.8;8.8 Summary;151
16.9;Suggested Reading;152
16.10;References;153
17;Chapter 9. Batch Converting of Cu Matte;155
17.1;9.1 Chemistry;155
17.2;9.2 Industrial Peirce-Smith Converting Operations;161
17.3;9.3 Oxygen Enrichment of Peirce-Smith Converter Blast;168
17.4;9.4 Maximizing Converter Productivity;169
17.5;9.5 Recent Developments in Converting-Shrouded Blast Injection;172
17.6;9.6 Alternatives to Peirce-Smith Converting ;172
17.7;9.7 Summary;174
17.8;Suggested Reading;175
17.9;References;175
18;Chapter 10. Continuous Converting;179
18.1;10.1 Common Features of Continuous Converting;179
18.2;10.2 Downward Lance Mitsubishi Continuous Converting;181
18.3;10.3 Solid Matte Outokumpu Flash Converting ;186
18.4;10.4 Submerged-Tuyere Noranda Continuous Converting ;190
18.5;10.5 % Cu-in-Slag;194
18.6;10.6 Summary;194
18.7;Suggested Reading;195
18.8;References;195
19;Chapter 11. Copper Loss in Slag;197
19.1;11.1 Copper in Slags;197
19.2;11.2 Decreasing Copper in Slag I: Minimizing Slag Generation;199
19.3;11.3 Decreasing Copper in Slag II: Minimizing Cu Concentration in Slag;200
19.4;11.4 Decreasing Copper in Slag III: Pyrometallurgical Slag Settling/Reduction;200
19.5;11.5 Decreasing Copper in Slag IV: Slag Minerals Processing;205
19.6;11.6 Summary;205
19.7;Suggested Reading;207
19.8;References;207
20;Chapter 12. Direct-To-Copper Flash Smelting;211
20.1;12.1 The Ideal Direct-to-Copper Process;211
20.2;12.2 Industrial Single Furnace Direct-to-Copper Smelting;212
20.3;12.3 Chemistry;213
20.4;12.4 Industrial Details;214
20.5;12.5 Control;214
20.6;12.6 Cu-in-Slag: Comparison with Conventional Matte Smelting/Converting ;217
20.7;12.7 Cu-in-Slag Limitation of Direct-to-Copper Smelting;218
20.8;12.8 Direct-to-Copper Impurities;219
20.9;12.9 Summary;219
20.10;Suggested Reading;220
20.11;References;220
21;Chapter 13. Mitsubishi Continuous Smelting/Converting ;223
21.1;13.1 The Mitsubishi Process;225
21.2;13.2 Smelting Furnace Details;225
21.3;13.3 Electric Slag Cleaning Furnace Details;227
21.4;13.4 Converting Furnace Details;227
21.5;13.5 Recent Mitsubishi Process Developments;231
21.6;13.6 Reaction Mechanisms in Mitsubishi Smelting;232
21.7;13.7 Optimum Matte Grade;234
21.8;13.8 Impurity Behavior in Mitsubishi Smelting/Converting;234
21.9;13.9 Process Control in Mitsubishi Smelting/Converting;235
21.10;13.10 Summary;236
21.11;Suggested Reading ;238
21.12;References;239
22;Chapter 14. Capture and Fixation of Sulfur;241
22.1;14.1 Offgases from Smelting and Converting Processes;241
22.2;14.2 Sulfuric Acid Manufacture;242
22.3;14.3 Smelter Offgas Treatment;246
22.4;14.4 Gas Drying;248
22.5;14.5 Acid Plant Chemical Reactions;251
22.6;14.6 Industrial Sulfuric Acid Manufacture;255
22.7;14.7 Recent and Future Developments in Sulfuric Acid Manufacture;264
22.8;14.8 Alternative Sulfur Products;265
22.9;14.9 Future Improvements in Sulfur Capture;265
22.10;14.10 Summary;266
22.11;Suggested Reading;267
22.12;References ;267
23;Chapter 15. Fire Refining and Casting of Anodes: Sulfur and Oxygen Removal ;271
23.1;15.1 Industrial Methods of Fire Refining;271
23.2;15.2 Chemistry of Fire Refining;276
23.3;15.3 Choice of Hydrocarbon for Deoxidation;277
23.4;15.4 Casting Anodes;277
23.5;15.5 Continuous Anode Casting;280
23.6;15.6 New Anodes from Rejects and Anode Scrap;284
23.7;15.7 Removal of Impurities During Fire Refining;284
23.8;15.8 Summary;285
23.9;Suggested Reading ;285
23.10;References;286
24;Chapter 16. Electrolytic Refining;289
24.1;16.1 Principles ;289
24.2;16.2 Behavior of Anode Impurities During Electrorefining;293
24.3;16.3 Industrial Electrorefining;296
24.4;16.4 Cathodes;297
24.5;16.5 Electrolyte;297
24.6;16.6 Cells and Electrical Connections;302
24.7;16.7 Typical Refining Cycle;303
24.8;16.8 Refining Objectives;304
24.9;16.9 Maximizing Cathode Copper Purity;304
24.10;16.10 Optimum Physical Arrangements;304
24.11;16.11 Optimum Chemical Arrangements;305
24.12;16.12 Optimum Electrical Arrangements;306
24.13;16.13 Minimizing Energy Consumption;307
24.14;16.14 Recent Developments in Electrorefining;307
24.15;16.15 Summary;308
24.16;Suggested Reading ;308
24.17;References;309
25;Chapter 17. Hydrometallurgical Copper Extraction: Introduction and Leaching;313
25.1;17.1 Heap Leaching;313
25.2;17.2 Industrial Heap Leaching;317
25.3;17.3 Steady-State Leaching;323
25.4;17.4 Leaching of Chalcopyrite Concentrates;324
25.5;17.5 Other Leaching Processcs;325
25.6;17.6 Future Developments;325
25.7;17.7 Summary;325
25.8;Suggested Reading;327
25.9;References;327
26;Chapter 18. Solvent Extraction Transfer of Cu from Leach Solution to Electrolyte ;331
26.1;18.1 The Solvent Extraction Process;331
26.2;18.2 Chemistry;333
26.3;18.3 Extractants;334
26.4;18.4 Industrial Solvent Extraction Plants;336
26.5;18.5 Quantitative Design of Series Circuit;341
26.6;18.6 Stability of Operation;345
26.7;18.7 'Crud';346
26.8;18.8 Summary;347
26.9;Suggested Reading;348
26.10;References;348
27;Chapter 19. Electrowinning;351
27.1;19.1 Electrowinning Reactions;352
27.2;19.2 Electrowinning Tankhouse Practice;353
27.3;19.3 Maximizing Copper Purity;359
27.4;19.4 Maximizing Current Efficiency;359
27.5;19.5 Future Developments;361
27.6;19.6 Summary;361
27.7;Suggested Reading;362
27.8;References;362
28;Chapter 20. Collection and Processing of Recycled Copper;365
28.1;20.1 The Materials Cycle;365
28.2;20.2 Secondary Copper Grades and Definitions;368
28.3;20.3 Scrap Processing and Beneficiation;370
28.4;20.4 Summary;375
28.5;Suggested Reading;375
28.6;References;376
29;Chapter 21. Chemical Metallurgy of Copper Recycling;379
29.1;21.1 The Secondary Copper Smelter;379
29.2;21.2 Scrap Processing in Primary Copper Smelters;384
29.3;21.3 Summary;387
29.4;Suggested Reading;387
29.5;References;388
30;Chapter 22. Melting and Casting;391
30.1;22.1 Product Grades and Quality;391
30.2;22.2 Melting Technology;394
30.3;22.3 Casting Machines;398
30.4;22.4 Summary;404
30.5;Suggested Reading;405
30.6;References;405
31;Chapter 23. Costs of Copper Production ;409
31.1;23.1 Overall Investment Costs: Mine through Refinery;410
31.2;23.2 Overall Direct Operating Costs: Mine through Refinery;413
31.3;23.3 Total Production Costs, Selling Prices, Profitability;413
31.4;23.4 Concentrating Costs;415
31.5;23.5 Smelting Costs;417
31.6;23.6 Electrorefining Costs;419
31.7;23.7 Production of Copper from Scrap;421
31.8;23.8 Leach/Solvent Extraction/Electrowinning Costs;421
31.9;23.9 Profitability;422
31.10;23.10 Summary;423
31.11;References ;423
32;Appendices;425
32.1;A. Stoichiometric Data for Copper Extraction;425
32.2;B. Lesser-Used Smelting Processes;427
32.3;C. Copper Recovery from Anode Slimes;437
32.4;D. Sketch of Series-Parallel Solvent Extraction Circuit;439
32.5;E. Extended List of Chinese Copper Refineries and their Capacities ;440
33;Index;441mehr