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Philosophies and Sociologies of Bioethics

E-BookPDF1 - PDF WatermarkE-Book
173 Seiten
Englisch
Springer International Publishingerschienen am09.07.20181st ed. 2018
This book is an interdisciplinary contribution to bioethics, bringing together philosophers, sociologists and Science and Technology Studies researchers as a way of bridging the disciplinary divides that have opened up in the study of bioethics. Each discipline approaches the topic through its own lens providing either normative statements or empirical studies, and the distance between the disciplines is heightened not only by differences in approach, but also disagreements over the values, interpretations and problematics within bioethical research. In order to converse across these divides, this volume includes contributions from several disciplines. The volume examines the sociological issues faced by interdisciplinary research in bioethics, the role of expertise, moral generalisations, distributed agency, and the importance of examining what is not being talked about. Other contributions try to take an interdisciplinary look at a range of specific situations, fetal alcohol syndrome in the media, citizen science, electronic cigarettes and bioethical issues in human geography.


Nathan Emmerich is a Visiting Research Fellow in the School of Politics, International Studies and Philosophy at Queen's University Belfast and at the Institute of Ethics in Dublin City University. In 2017 he held a postdoctoral fellowship at DCU to work on an European Research Project focused on ethics at the end of life. He will shortly be taking up a position in the ANU Medical School. Nathan holds degrees in Philosophy and the History and Philosophy of Science (BA) and Healthcare Ethics (MA) from the University of Leeds. Following an M.Res, his PhD was supervised by a medical sociologist and focused on the ethics education delivered to UK medical students and its relation to broader process of moral socialisation and professional reproduction. Nathan has published a variety of work in and around bioethics. Topics include: end of life issues, organ donation, death, social science research ethics, and the question of (bio)ethical expertise. His work is interdisciplinary and informed by the social theory of Pierre Bourdieu, science and technology studies, and the sociology/ anthropology of ethics and morality.



Prof. Wainwright is a qualitative (medical) sociologist with an unusual background in the social, earth and biomedical sciences and in the world outside academia. He worked in intensive care (Charing Cross Hospital, London) and taught intensive care nursing (Royal Free Hospital, London) before joining King's College London in 1995, where he held posts as Lecturer, Research Fellow, Senior Lecturer and Professor. He worked outside academia for around 15 years between his BSc and his first post as a University Lecturer. For instance, between his Geography degree and my Nurse training, Prof. Wainwright spent two years with the electrical retailer Dixons PLC as a Graduate Management Trainee and Assistant Branch Manager. He joined Brunel University London in 2011 as Professor of Sociology of Science, Health & Culture, and was previously Professor of Sociology of Medicine, Science & the Arts at King's College London.





After completing a PhD on scientists' views on philosophy of science at University College London, Dr. Riesch worked as a Research Associate at the University of Cambridge on the public understanding of risk and energy policy, and more recently at Imperial College London on public understanding of environmental change.
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KlappentextThis book is an interdisciplinary contribution to bioethics, bringing together philosophers, sociologists and Science and Technology Studies researchers as a way of bridging the disciplinary divides that have opened up in the study of bioethics. Each discipline approaches the topic through its own lens providing either normative statements or empirical studies, and the distance between the disciplines is heightened not only by differences in approach, but also disagreements over the values, interpretations and problematics within bioethical research. In order to converse across these divides, this volume includes contributions from several disciplines. The volume examines the sociological issues faced by interdisciplinary research in bioethics, the role of expertise, moral generalisations, distributed agency, and the importance of examining what is not being talked about. Other contributions try to take an interdisciplinary look at a range of specific situations, fetal alcohol syndrome in the media, citizen science, electronic cigarettes and bioethical issues in human geography.


Nathan Emmerich is a Visiting Research Fellow in the School of Politics, International Studies and Philosophy at Queen's University Belfast and at the Institute of Ethics in Dublin City University. In 2017 he held a postdoctoral fellowship at DCU to work on an European Research Project focused on ethics at the end of life. He will shortly be taking up a position in the ANU Medical School. Nathan holds degrees in Philosophy and the History and Philosophy of Science (BA) and Healthcare Ethics (MA) from the University of Leeds. Following an M.Res, his PhD was supervised by a medical sociologist and focused on the ethics education delivered to UK medical students and its relation to broader process of moral socialisation and professional reproduction. Nathan has published a variety of work in and around bioethics. Topics include: end of life issues, organ donation, death, social science research ethics, and the question of (bio)ethical expertise. His work is interdisciplinary and informed by the social theory of Pierre Bourdieu, science and technology studies, and the sociology/ anthropology of ethics and morality.



Prof. Wainwright is a qualitative (medical) sociologist with an unusual background in the social, earth and biomedical sciences and in the world outside academia. He worked in intensive care (Charing Cross Hospital, London) and taught intensive care nursing (Royal Free Hospital, London) before joining King's College London in 1995, where he held posts as Lecturer, Research Fellow, Senior Lecturer and Professor. He worked outside academia for around 15 years between his BSc and his first post as a University Lecturer. For instance, between his Geography degree and my Nurse training, Prof. Wainwright spent two years with the electrical retailer Dixons PLC as a Graduate Management Trainee and Assistant Branch Manager. He joined Brunel University London in 2011 as Professor of Sociology of Science, Health & Culture, and was previously Professor of Sociology of Medicine, Science & the Arts at King's College London.





After completing a PhD on scientists' views on philosophy of science at University College London, Dr. Riesch worked as a Research Associate at the University of Cambridge on the public understanding of risk and energy policy, and more recently at Imperial College London on public understanding of environmental change.
Details
Weitere ISBN/GTIN9783319927381
ProduktartE-Book
EinbandartE-Book
FormatPDF
Format Hinweis1 - PDF Watermark
FormatE107
Erscheinungsjahr2018
Erscheinungsdatum09.07.2018
Auflage1st ed. 2018
Seiten173 Seiten
SpracheEnglisch
IllustrationenIX, 173 p.
Artikel-Nr.3466889
Rubriken
Genre9200

Inhalt/Kritik

Inhaltsverzeichnis
1;Contents;5
2;Contributors;6
3;Introduction: Crossing the Divides;9
3.1;1 Introduction;9
3.2;2 Philosophical and Sociological Approaches in Bioethics;12
3.3;3 Interdisciplinarity as a Sociological Phenomenon;15
3.4;4 Understanding Bioethics: Towards Interdisciplinarity;18
3.5;5 The Essays Contained in This Volume;24
3.6;6 Conclusion;26
3.7;References;27
4;Elective Modernism and the Politics of (Bio)Ethical Expertise;31
4.1;1 Introduction;31
4.2;2 A Socio-logical Account of (Bio)Ethical Expertise;32
4.3;3 Elective Modernism;36
4.4;4 (Bio)Ethical Expertise and Elective Modernism;40
4.5;5 Conclusion;46
4.6;References;47
5;Grounding Knowledge and Normative Valuation in Agent-Based Action and Scientific Commitment;49
5.1;1 Introduction;49
5.2;2 Categories of Epistemological Activity in Synthetic Biology;51
5.3;3 The Tangle of Modularity;53
5.3.1;3.1 Assembly Methods Affecting Modularity;55
5.3.2;3.2 Modularity and Modularizing;55
5.4;4 Evolvability;56
5.4.1;4.1 How Can Engineered Metabolic Pathways Be Maintained?;58
5.4.2;4.2 Is Semisynthetic Evolvability Still Evolvability?;60
5.5;5 The Social Aspect of Scientific Investigation;61
5.5.1;5.1 Extended Agency Ethics;63
5.5.2;5.2 Bridging Philosophy of Science and Sociology of Science;67
5.6;6 Concluding Remarks;69
5.7;References;70
6;Ethics and Citizen Participation in the uBiome Institutional Review Board Debate: Some Reflections on Social and Normative Analyses;73
6.1;1 Citizen Science and Crowdsourced Biomedicine;73
6.2;2 The Debate on uBiome Ethical Review;74
6.3;3 Crowdsourcing Research in the Contemporary Bioeconomy;78
6.4;4 Science and Technology Studies as Ethical Analysis;80
6.5;References;82
7;Minding the Gaps: Sensitivities in Pursuing Empirical Ethics;84
7.1;1 Introduction;84
7.2;2 Missing Matters;85
7.3;3 Disciplinary Engagements;87
7.4;4 Empirical Ethics Revisited;88
7.4.1;4.1 The Determination of the Problem;90
7.4.2;4.2 The Description of the Problem;91
7.4.3;4.3 Effects and Alternatives;94
7.4.4;4.4 The Normative Weighing;94
7.4.5;4.5 The Evaluation of the Effects of a Decision;95
7.5;5 Discussion;96
7.6;References;96
8; It s Not Just About Having Babies : A Socio-­bioethical Exploration of Older Women s Experiences of Making Oncofertility Decisions in Britain;99
8.1;1 Introduction;99
8.2;2 Cancer and Fertility Preservation: A Brief Background;100
8.3;3 Conducting a Sociological and Bioethical Research Project;101
8.4;4 Premenopausal Cancer Patients Experiences of Oncofertility;102
8.4.1;4.1 Avoiding Early Menopause;103
8.4.2;4.2 HCP Assumptions About Who Wants Fertility Preservation;105
8.5;5 Bioethics and the Oncofertility of Older Women with Cancer;106
8.6;6 Conclusion;108
8.7;References;109
9; Can Someone Please Decide? How the Media Represent the Risk of Drinking During Pregnancy;112
9.1;1 Introduction;112
9.2;2 Risk and the Media;114
9.3;3 Background to the Debates on Drinking During Pregnancy;115
9.3.1;3.1 Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder;115
9.3.2;3.2 Alcohol, Pregnancy and Morality;116
9.3.3;3.3 Advice and Educational Interventions;118
9.4;4 Findings;119
9.4.1;4.1 Conflicting Advice;119
9.4.2;4.2 The Take-Up of the Story in the Press;120
9.4.3;4.3 The Revision of the NICE Guidelines and Media Reaction;122
9.5;5 Discussion: Pitfalls in Advising on Low Risk but Widespread Behaviour;124
9.6;6 Conclusions;126
9.7;References;127
10;The Ethical Framework for the Use of E-Cigarettes;131
10.1;1 Background on E-Cigarettes;131
10.2;2 The Development of Nicotine Addiction and Tobacco Control Regulations in the UK;133
10.3;3 The Ethical Issues of Views on Nicotine Addiction and Tobacco-Control Policies;135
10.4;4 The Ethical Issues of Harm Reduction (HR) and E-Cigarettes;138
10.5;5 E-Cigarettes Policies and Principlism;141
10.6;6 E-Cigarettes and the Social Transformation of Defining Nicotine Addiction;144
10.7;7 Conclusion;145
10.8;References;146
11;Performing Risk & Ethics in Clinicians Accounts of Stem Cell Liver Therapies;152
11.1;1 Introduction;152
11.2;2 Stem Cell Revolutions?;153
11.3;3 From Judging to Enacting Risk;154
11.4;4 Note on Methods;155
11.5;5 Stem Cells and Liver Disease;155
11.5.1;5.1 Perspectives on the Clinical Use of Liver Cells;157
11.5.1.1;From Organ Transplants to Cell Therapies?;157
11.5.1.2;Cell Transplants for Acute Liver Failure in Adults;159
11.5.1.3;Artificial Liver Support Systems;160
11.5.1.4;Hepatocyte Transplants for Children;161
11.5.1.5;Embryonic Stem Cells as  A Cure for Liver Disease ?;163
11.5.2;5.2 The Clinical and the Scientific;164
11.5.3;5.3 Experimental Treatments;166
11.5.4;5.4 Regulation and Professional Autonomy;167
11.6;6 Concluding Remarks;169
11.7;References;170
12;Outroduction;173
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Autor

Nathan Emmerich is a Visiting Research Fellow in the School of Politics, International Studies and Philosophy at Queen's University Belfast and at the Institute of Ethics in Dublin City University. In 2017 he held a postdoctoral fellowship at DCU to work on an European Research Project focused on ethics at the end of life. He will shortly be taking up a position in the ANU Medical School. Nathan holds degrees in Philosophy and the History and Philosophy of Science (BA) and Healthcare Ethics (MA) from the University of Leeds. Following an M.Res, his PhD was supervised by a medical sociologist and focused on the ethics education delivered to UK medical students and its relation to broader process of moral socialisation and professional reproduction. Nathan has published a variety of work in and around bioethics. Topics include: end of life issues, organ donation, death, social science research ethics, and the question of (bio)ethical expertise. His work is interdisciplinary and informed by the social theory of Pierre Bourdieu, science and technology studies, and the sociology/ anthropology of ethics and morality.


Prof. Wainwright is a qualitative (medical) sociologist with an unusual background in the social, earth and biomedical sciences and in the world outside academia. He worked in intensive care (Charing Cross Hospital, London) and taught intensive care nursing (Royal Free Hospital, London) before joining King's College London in 1995, where he held posts as Lecturer, Research Fellow, Senior Lecturer and Professor. He worked outside academia for around 15 years between his BSc and his first post as a University Lecturer. For instance, between his Geography degree and my Nurse training, Prof. Wainwright spent two years with the electrical retailer Dixons PLC as a Graduate Management Trainee and Assistant Branch Manager. He joined Brunel University London in 2011 as Professor of Sociology of Science, Health & Culture, and was previously Professor of Sociology of Medicine, Science & the Arts at King's College London.



After completing a PhD on scientists' views on philosophy of science at University College London, Dr. Riesch worked as a Research Associate at the University of Cambridge on the public understanding of risk and energy policy, and more recently at Imperial College London on public understanding of environmental change.