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The Architecture of Computer Hardware, Systems Software, and Networking

An Information Technology Approach
TaschenbuchKartoniert, Paperback
672 Seiten
Englisch
Wileyerschienen am14.04.20216th edition
The Architecture of Computer Hardware, Systems Software and Networking is designed help students majoring in information technology (IT) and information systems (IS) understand the structure and operation of computers and computer-based devices. Requiring only basic computer skills, this accessible textbook introduces the basic principles of system architecture and explores current technological practices and trends using clear, easy-to-understand language. Throughout the text, numerous relatable examples, subject-specific illustrations, and in-depth case studies reinforce key learning points and show students how important concepts are applied in the real world. This fully-updated sixth edition features a wealth of new and revised content that reflects today´s technological landscape. Organized into five parts, the book first explains the role of the computer in information systems and provides an overview of its components. Subsequent sections discuss the representation of data in the computer, hardware architecture and operational concepts, the basics of computer networking, system software and operating systems, and various interconnected systems and components. Students are introduced to the material using ideas already familiar to them, allowing them to gradually build upon what they have learned without being overwhelmed and develop a deeper knowledge of computer architecture.mehr

Produkt

KlappentextThe Architecture of Computer Hardware, Systems Software and Networking is designed help students majoring in information technology (IT) and information systems (IS) understand the structure and operation of computers and computer-based devices. Requiring only basic computer skills, this accessible textbook introduces the basic principles of system architecture and explores current technological practices and trends using clear, easy-to-understand language. Throughout the text, numerous relatable examples, subject-specific illustrations, and in-depth case studies reinforce key learning points and show students how important concepts are applied in the real world. This fully-updated sixth edition features a wealth of new and revised content that reflects today´s technological landscape. Organized into five parts, the book first explains the role of the computer in information systems and provides an overview of its components. Subsequent sections discuss the representation of data in the computer, hardware architecture and operational concepts, the basics of computer networking, system software and operating systems, and various interconnected systems and components. Students are introduced to the material using ideas already familiar to them, allowing them to gradually build upon what they have learned without being overwhelmed and develop a deeper knowledge of computer architecture.
Details
ISBN/GTIN978-1-119-49520-8
ProduktartTaschenbuch
EinbandartKartoniert, Paperback
FormatTrade Paperback (USA)
Verlag
Erscheinungsjahr2021
Erscheinungsdatum14.04.2021
Auflage6th edition
Seiten672 Seiten
SpracheEnglisch
MasseBreite 203 mm, Höhe 254 mm, Dicke 28 mm
Gewicht1179 g
Artikel-Nr.1267122

Inhalt/Kritik

Inhaltsverzeichnis
Preface xxiii About the Authors xxix Part I An Overview of Computer Systems 1 Computers and Systems 4 1.0 Introduction 5 1.1 The Starting Point 8 1.2 Components of the Computer System 10 The Hardware Component 13 The Software Component 15 The Communication Component 17 The Computer System 17 1.3 The Concept of Virtualization 19 1.4 Protocols and Standards 20 1.5 Overview of This Book 21 1.6 A Brief Architectural History of the Computer 22 Early Work 23 Computer Hardware 24 Operating Systems 27 Communication, Networks, and the Internet 31 Summary and Review 32 For Further Reading 33 Key Concepts and Terms 33 Reading Review Questions 33 Exercises 34 2 An Introduction to System Concepts and Systems Architecture 36 2.0 Introduction 37 2.1 The General Concept of Systems 37 2.2 IT System Architectures 44 The Role of the System Architect 46 Summary and Review 48 For Further Reading 48 Key Concepts and Terms 49 Reading Review Questions 49 Exercises 49 Part II Data in the Computer 3 Number Systems 52 3.0 Introduction 53 3.1 Numbers as a Physical Representation 53 3.2 Counting in Different Bases 54 3.3 Performing Arithmetic in Different Number Bases 59 3.4 Numeric Conversion Between Number Bases 63 Alternative Conversion Methods 65 3.5 A Special Conversion Case-Number Bases That Are Related 67 3.6 Fractions 68 Fractional Conversion Methods 71 3.7 Mixed Number Conversions 73 Summary and Review 73 For Further Reading 74 Key Concepts and Terms 74 Reading Review Questions 74 Exercises 75 4 Data Formats 78 4.0 Introduction 79 4.1 General Considerations 79 4.2 Alphanumeric Character Data 82 4.3 Visual Data 88 Bitmap Images 89 Object Images 93 Representing Characters as Images 96 Video Images 96 4.4 Audio Data 97 4.5 Data Compression 100 4.6 Page Description Languages 102 4.7 Internal Computer Data Format 102 Numerical Character to Integer Conversion 104 Summary and Review 105 For Further Reading 106 Key Concepts and Terms 106 Reading Review Questions 106 Exercises 107 5 Representing Numerical Data 110 5.0 Introduction 111 5.1 Unsigned Binary and Binary-Coded Decimal Representations 111 5.2 Representations for Signed Integers 115 Sign-and-Magnitude Representation 115 Nine´s Decimal and 1´s Binary Complementary Representations 117 Ten´s Complement and 2´s Complement 124 Overflow and Carry Conditions 126 Other Bases 127 Summary of Rules for Complementary Numbers 128 5.3 Real Numbers 128 A Review of Exponential Notation 128 Floating Point Format 130 Normalization and Formatting of Floating Point Numbers 133 A Programming Example 135 Floating Point Calculations 136 Floating Point in the Computer 139 Conversion between Base 10 and Base 2 141 5.4 Programming Considerations 142 Summary and Review 143 For Further Reading 144 Key Concepts and Terms 144 Reading Review Questions 144 Exercises 145 Part III Computer Architecture and Hardware Operation 6 The Little Man Computer 152 6.0 Introduction 153 6.1 Layout of the Little Man Computer 154 6.2 Operation of the LMC 154 6.3 A Simple Program 156 6.4 An Extended Instruction Set 157 6.5 The Instruction Cycle 160 6.6 A Note Regarding Computer Architectures 162 Summary and Review 163 Key Concepts and Terms 163 Reading Review Questions 164 Exercises 164 7 The CPU and Memory 166 7.0 Introduction 167 7.1 The Components of the CPU 168 7.2 The Concept of Registers 169 7.3 The Memory Unit 171 The Operation of Memory 171 Memory Capacity and Addressing Limitations 175 Primary Memory Characteristics and Implementation 176 7.4 The Fetch-Execute Instruction Cycle 178 7.5 Classification of Instructions 181 Data Movement Instructions (load, store, and Other Moves) 183 Arithmetic Instructions 183 Boolean Logic Instructions 184 Single Operand Manipulation Instructions 184 Bit Manipulation Instructions 184 Shift and Rotate Instructions 185 Program Control Instructions 186 Stack Instructions 187 Multiple Data Instructions 189 Other Instructions 190 7.6 Instruction Word Formats 190 7.7 Instruction Word Requirements and Constraints 192 Summary and Review 195 For Further Reading 195 Key Concepts and Terms 195 Reading Review Questions 196 Exercises 197 8 CPU and Memory: Design, Enhancement, and Implementation 200 8.0 Introduction 201 8.1 CPU Architectures 202 Overview 202 Traditional Modern Architectures 202 8.2 CPU Features and Enhancements 203 Introduction 203 Fetch-Execute Cycle Timing Issues 204 A Model for Improved CPU Performance 206 Scalar and Superscalar Processor Organization 210 8.3 Memory Enhancements 213 Wide Path Memory Access 214 Memory Interleaving 214 Cache Memory 215 8.4 The Compleat Modern Superscalar CPU 219 8.5 Multiprocessing 221 8.6 A Few Comments on Implementation 225 Summary and Review 225 For Further Reading 226 Key Concepts and Terms 227 Reading Review Questions 227 Exercises 228 9 Input/Output and Buses 230 9.0 Introduction 231 9.1 Characteristics of Typical I/O Devices 232 9.2 Programmed I/O 237 9.3 Interrupts 239 Servicing Interrupts 239 The Uses of Interrupts 241 Multiple Interrupts and Prioritization 245 9.4 Direct Memory Access 249 9.5 I/O Controllers 252 9.6 Buses 254 Bus Characteristics 254 Summary and Review 258 For Further Reading 259 Key Concepts and Terms 259 Reading Review Questions 259 Exercises 260 10 Computer Peripherals 262 10.0 Introduction 263 10.1 The Hierarchy of Storage 264 10.2 Solid-State Memory 266 10.3 Magnetic Disks 267 Disk Arrays 272 10.4 Optical Disk Storage 274 10.5 Magnetic Tape 276 10.6 Displays 277 Basic Display Design 277 Graphical Processing Units (GPUs) 279 Liquid Crystal Display Technology 282 OLED Display Technology 283 10.7 Printers 284 Laser Printers 285 Inkjet Printers 285 10.8 User Input Devices 286 Keyboards 287 Pointing Devices 287 Alternative Sources of Alphanumeric Input 288 Scanners 291 Multimedia Input 291 Mobile Devices 292 10.9 Network Communication Devices 293 Summary and Review 293 For Further Reading 294 Key Concepts and Terms 294 Reading Review Questions 295 Exercises 295 11 Computer System Organization 298 11.0 Introduction 299 11.1 Putting the Pieces Together 300 11.2 System Architecture 305 Basic System Interconnection Requirements 305 Bus I/O 307 Channel Architecture 311 Blurring the Line 313 Summary and Review 313 For Further Reading 313 Key Concepts and Terms 314 Reading Review Questions 314 Exercises 314 Part IV Networks, Data Communications, and Networked Computer Systems 12 Networks and Data Communications-An Overview 318 12.0 Introduction 319 12.1 The Impact of Networking on Business Processes and User Access to Knowledge and Services 320 12.2 A Simple View of Data Communications 321 12.3 Basic Data Communication Concepts 324 Messages 324 Packets 325 General Channel Characteristics 326 12.4 Networks 330 Network Topology 330 Types of Networks 334 Network Interconnection 347 12.5 Standards 351 Summary and Review 352 For Further Reading 352 Key Concepts and Terms 352 Reading Review Questions 353 Exercises 353 13 Ethernet and T CP/IP Networking 356 13.0 Introduction 357 13.1 TCP/IP, OSI, and Other Communication Protocol Models 357 13.2 Program Applications versus Network Applications 362 13.3 The Physical and Data Link Layers 362 The Physical Layer 363 The Data Link Layer 364 Hub-Based Ethernet 366 Switched Ethernet 366 Wireless Ethernet (Wi-Fi) 367 13.4 The Network Layer 368 13.5 The Transport Layer 372 13.6 IP Addresses 376 IPv4 and DHCP 376 IPv6 379 13.7 Domain Names and DNS Services 380 13.8 Quality of Service 385 13.9 Network Security 386 Physical and Logical Access Restriction 386 Encryption 387 13.10 Alternative Protocols 387 A Comparison of TCP/IP and OSI 388 Other Protocol Suites and Components 388 SCSI Over IP 389 Cellular Technology 389 MPLS 390 Summary and Review 390 For Further Reading 391 Key Concepts and Terms 391 Reading Review Questions 392 Exercises 392 14 Communication Channel T echnology 396 14.0 Introduction 397 14.1 Communication Channel Technology 398 14.2 The Fundamentals of Signaling Technology 400 Analog Signaling 401 Digital Signaling 411 Modems 416 Two Examples of Alternative Advanced Technologies 416 14.3 Transmission Media and Signaling Methods 418 14.4 Wireless Technologies 420 Cellular Technology 421 Wi-Fi 421 Bluetooth 421 Summary and Review 422 For Further Reading 423 Key Concepts and Terms 423 Reading Review Questions 423 Exercises 424 15 Modern Networked Computer Systems 426 15.0 Introduction 427 15.1 Distributed Systems 428 15.2 Client-Server Computing 430 15.3 Web-Based Computing 433 15.4 Peer-to-Peer Computing 435 15.5 Clusters 436 Overview 436 Classification and Configuration 437 Beowulf Clusters 438 15.6 Storage Area Networks 440 15.7 Cloud Computing 441 15.8 Supercomputing 443 Grid Computing 444 15.9 Networked Computer System Architecture Examples 444 Google: A System Architecture Example 445 Another Example: Facebook´s Application Architecture 448 Summary and Review 449 For Further Reading 450 Key Concepts and Terms 450 Reading Review Questions 450 Exercises 451 Part V The Software Component 16 Operating Systems: An Overview 454 16.0 Introduction 455 16.1 The Barebones Computer System 456 16.2 The Operating Systems Concept: An Introduction 457 16.3 Services and Facilities 463 User Interface and Command Execution Services 464 File Management 465 Input/Output Services 466 Process Control Management 467 Memory Management 468 Scheduling and Dispatch 468 Secondary Storage Management 471 Network and Communications Support Services 471 Security and Protection Services 472 System Administration Support 473 16.4 Organization 476 16.5 Types of Computer Systems 479 Summary and Review 483 For Further Reading 483 Key Concepts and Terms 483 Reading Review Questions 484 Exercises 484 17 The User View of Operating Systems 486 17.0 Introduction 487 17.1 Purpose of the User Interface 488 17.2 User Functions and Program Services 490 Program Execution 490 File Commands 491 Disk and Other I/O Device Commands 492 Security and Data Integrity Protection 492 Interuser Communication and Data Sharing Operations 493 System Status Information and User Administration 494 Program Services 495 17.3 Types of User Interface 495 The Command Line Interface 496 Batch System Commands 498 Graphical User Interfaces 499 Touchless Gesture- and Voice-Based Interfaces 504 Trade-Offs in the User Interface 505 Software Considerations 506 17.4 X Window and Other Graphics Display Methodologies 507 17.5 Command and Scripting Languages 510 The Elements of a Command Language 512 The Command Language Start-Up Sequence Files 512 17.6 Services to Programs 513 Summary and Review 515 For Further Reading 515 Key Concepts and Terms 515 Reading Review Questions 516 Exercises 516 18 File Management 518 18.0 Introduction 519 18.1 The Logical and Physical View of Files 519 18.2 The Role of the File Management System 524 18.3 Logical File Access Methods 528 Sequential File Access 529 Random Access 529 Indexed Access 530 18.4 Physical File Storage 531 Contiguous Storage Allocation 531 Noncontiguous Storage Allocation 532 Indexed Allocation 534 Free Space Management 537 Tape Allocation 539 Optical and Flash Drive Allocation 539 18.5 File Systems, Volumes, Disks, Partitions, and Storage Pools 539 18.6 The Directory Structure 542 Tree-Structured Directories 543 Acyclic-Graph Directories 545 18.7 Network File Access 548 18.8 File Protection 550 18.9 Journaling File Systems 551 Summary and Review 552 For Further Reading 552 Key Concepts and Terms 553 Reading Review Questions 553 Exercises 554 19 The Internal Operating System 556 19.0 Introduction 557 19.1 Fundamental OS Requirements 558 Example: A Simple Multitasking Operating System 559 19.2 Starting the Computer System: The Bootstrap 562 19.3 Processes and Threads 564 Process Creation 567 Process States 568 Threads 569 19.4 Basic Loading and Execution Operations 570 19.5 CPU Scheduling and Dispatching 572 Long-Term Scheduler 572 Short-Term Scheduler and Dispatcher 572 Nonpreemptive Scheduling Algorithms 575 Preemptive Short-Term Scheduling Algorithms 576 19.6 Memory Management 577 Memory Partitioning 578 19.7 Virtual Storage 579 Overview 579 Pages and Frames 580 The Concept of Virtual Storage 585 Page Faults 586 Working Sets and the Concept of Locality 588 Page Sharing 588 Page Replacement Algorithms 589 Thrashing 592 Page Table Implementation 592 Segmentation 595 Process Separation 596 19.8 Disk Scheduling 596 First-Come, First-Served Scheduling 597 Shortest Distance First Scheduling 597 Scan Scheduling 597 n-Step c-Scan Scheduling 598 19.9 Network Operating System Services 598 OS Protocol Support and Other Services 598 19.10 Other Operating System Issues 601 Deadlock 601 Other Issues 602 19.11 Virtual Machines 603 Summary and Review 605 For Further Reading 606 Key Concepts and Terms 606 Reading Review Questions 607 Exercises 608 Bibliography B-1 Index I-1mehr