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Advances in the Study of Behavior

E-BookEPUBDRM AdobeE-Book
394 Seiten
Englisch
Elsevier Science & Techn.erschienen am02.08.2010
Advances in the Study of Behavior was initiated over 40 years ago to serve the increasing number of scientists engaged in the study of animal behavior. That number is still expanding. This volume makes another important 'contribution to the development of the field' by presenting theoretical ideas and research to those studying animal behavior and to their colleagues in neighboring fields.

Advances in the Study of Behavior is now available online at ScienceDirect full-text online from volume 30 onward.mehr
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Produkt

KlappentextAdvances in the Study of Behavior was initiated over 40 years ago to serve the increasing number of scientists engaged in the study of animal behavior. That number is still expanding. This volume makes another important 'contribution to the development of the field' by presenting theoretical ideas and research to those studying animal behavior and to their colleagues in neighboring fields.

Advances in the Study of Behavior is now available online at ScienceDirect full-text online from volume 30 onward.
Details
Weitere ISBN/GTIN9780123808936
ProduktartE-Book
EinbandartE-Book
FormatEPUB
Format HinweisDRM Adobe
Erscheinungsjahr2010
Erscheinungsdatum02.08.2010
Seiten394 Seiten
SpracheEnglisch
Dateigrösse2860 Kbytes
Artikel-Nr.2738496
Rubriken
Genre9200

Inhalt/Kritik

Inhaltsverzeichnis
1;Front Cover;1
2;Advances in The Study of Behavior;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Contents;6
5;Contributors;10
6;Chapter 1: The Cognition of Caching and Recovery in Food-Storing Birds;12
6.1;I. Introduction;12
6.2;II. Use of Spatial Memory to Recover Caches;13
6.3;III. Variation;17
6.3.1;A. Differences Between Parids and Corvids;17
6.3.2;B. Differences within Corvid Species;19
6.3.3;C. Population Differences;21
6.4;IV. Caching, Recovery, and the Hippocampus;21
6.4.1;A. Hippocampal Volume and Spatial Memory;22
6.4.2;B. Hippocampal Plasticity;25
6.4.3;C. Alternative Neural Solutions;26
6.4.4;D. A Modular Approach to Spatial Learning;27
6.4.5;E. Beyond Spatial Memory;27
6.4.6;F. The Cognitive Skills of the Western Scrub-Jay;29
6.5;V. Adaptive Specialization?;33
6.6;VI. Conclusion;36
6.7;References;37
7;Chapter 2: The Evolution of Mate Preferences, Sensory Biases, and Indicator Traits;46
7.1;I. Introduction;46
7.1.1;A. Sexual Selection;46
7.1.2;B. Preference Evolution Theory;47
7.1.3;C. Empirical Research on Mate Preference Evolution;49
7.1.4;D. Overview of This Chapter;50
7.2;II. New Approach for Testing the Indicator Models;51
7.2.1;A. Indicator Model Prediction;51
7.2.2;B. Carotenoid-Dependent Indicators;52
7.2.3;C. Detailed Case Study: Trinidadian Guppies;53
7.3;III. Evolution of Indicator Traits;68
7.3.1;A. The Theory of Honest Signaling;68
7.3.2;B. The Carotenoid Coloration Paradox;69
7.3.3;C. Detailed Case Study: Trinidadian Guppies;70
7.4;IV. Additional Suggestions for Further Research;78
7.5;Acknowledgments;79
7.6;References;79
8;Chapter 3: Age-Related Changes in Birds´ Singing Styles: On Fresh Tunes and Fading Voices?;88
8.1;I. Introduction;88
8.2;II. Signaling Age-Why Would or Should One, After All?;89
8.3;III. Song Structures That Encode Age Information;98
8.4;IV. Patterns of Changes: The Big Shift Between Year 1 and 2?;106
8.4.1;A. No change after song crystallization? The zebra Finch;108
8.4.2;B. Changes between year 1 and 2? The Common Nightingale;109
8.4.3;C. Changes throughout Lifetime? The European Starling;110
8.5;V. Longitudinal Versus Cross-Sectional Comparisons;112
8.6;VI. How to Change Singing Styles: Possible Mechanisms;115
8.7;VII. A Synthesis;118
8.8;Acknowledgments;121
8.9;References;121
9;Chapter 4: Tonic Communication in the Antipredator Behavior of Ground Squirrels;130
9.1;I. Introduction;130
9.2;II. Multiple Time Frames of Behavioral Processes;132
9.3;III. Tonic Communication;134
9.4;IV. Tonic Processes in Ground Squirrel Antipredator Behavior;136
9.4.1;A. Tonic Vocalizing In Response to Mammalian Predators;136
9.4.2;B. Tonic Tail-Flagging by California Ground Squirrels to Deal with Snakes;139
9.4.3;C. Adaptive Variation in Emphasis of Tonic time Frames;141
9.4.4;D. Another Temporal Dimension of Threat from Predators: Immediacy of Danger;142
9.5;V. Complexities in the Concept of Tonic Communication;144
9.5.1;A. Limitations on Effectiveness: Temporal Persistence of Signal Impact;144
9.5.2;B. Limitations on Effectiveness: The Roles of Habituation and Sensitization;144
9.5.3;C. Pulse-Rate Modulation and the Meaning´´ of Intersignal Intervals;149
9.5.4;D. Who is the Target of Signaling?;150
9.5.5;E. How are Modulatory Communication and Tonic Communication Related?;152
9.6;VI. Future Directions: Dealing with Resistant Signal Targets;153
9.7;VII. Conclusion;155
9.8;Acknowledgments;156
9.9;References;156
10;Chapter 5: Parasite Manipulation of Host Behavior: An Update and Frequently Asked Questions;162
10.1;I. Introduction;162
10.2;II. When Is It Adaptive Manipulation?;164
10.3;III. What Kinds of Parasites Manipulate Their Host?;167
10.4;IV. What Host Traits Are Manipulated by Parasites?;170
10.5;V. Why Do Some Parasites Manipulate Their Host but Others Do not?;173
10.5.1;A. Interspecific Variation;174
10.5.2;B. Intraspecific Variation;181
10.6;VI. How Effective Is Host Manipulation?;184
10.7;VII. How Do Parasites Do It?;187
10.8;VIII. Looking Ahead;190
10.9;Acknowledgments;192
10.10;References;192
11;Chapter 6: Calling in the Face of Danger: Predation Risk and Acoustic Communication by Parent Birds and Their Offspring;198
11.1;I. Introduction;198
11.2;II. Vocalizations by Young;200
11.2.1;A. Begging and Signal Honesty;200
11.2.2;B. Evidence That Calling is Risky;205
11.2.3;C. Design to Minimize Risk;211
11.2.4;D. Calling in the Absence of Parents;215
11.2.5;E. Other Calls by Young;224
11.3;III. Parental Vocalizations;225
11.3.1;A. Alarm Calls;226
11.3.2;B. Provisioning Calls;239
11.3.3;C. Other Parental Vocalizations;241
11.4;IV. Acoustic Interactions Between Parents and Young;243
11.4.1;A. Switch On´´ or Switch Off´´ Strategy;243
11.4.2;B. Strategic Parental Response to Nestling Vocalizations;245
11.4.3;C. Direct Assessment of Danger by Young and Parental Response;247
11.5;V. Conclusions and Future Directions;249
11.6;Acknowledgments;253
11.7;References;253
12;Chapter 7: How Many Ways Can Mouse Behavioral Experiments Go Wrong? Confounding Variables in Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Diseases and How to Control Them;266
12.1;I. The Importance of Genetically Modified Mice in Neurobehavioral Research;267
12.2;II. The R6/2 Mouse Model of Huntington's Disease;268
12.3;III. Behavioral Phenotyping;269
12.3.1;A. Comparing Phenotypes of Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disorders;270
12.4;IV. Critiques and Confounds in the Neurobehavioral Phenotyping of Genetically Modified Mice;273
12.5;V. The Mouse Itself as a Confounding Factor;275
12.5.1;A. The Validity of the Genetic Manipulation;275
12.5.2;B. The Reliability of the Genetic Manipulation;277
12.5.3;C. The Problem of Flanking Genes;278
12.5.4;D. The Background Strain Problem;279
12.5.5;E. Where Do the Mice come from and how are they Shipped?;280
12.5.6;F. Health Status;283
12.5.7;G. Sensory-Motor Impairments;285
12.5.8;H. Body Weight;287
12.5.9;I. Motivational Factors;289
12.5.10;J. Mouse Misbehavior;290
12.5.11;K. Summary of Section V;290
12.6;VI. The Rearing Environment and Life-Time Experience of the Mouse;291
12.6.1;A. The Physical Environment;291
12.6.2;B. The Social Environment;298
12.6.3;C. Gene by Environment Interaction;303
12.6.4;D. Summary of Section VI;304
12.7;VII. Neurobehavioral Test Batteries: Experimental Design and Statistics;304
12.7.1;A. Standardized Test Batteries;304
12.7.2;B. Which Tests should be given and in which Order?;306
12.7.3;C. The Design of Double Dissociation Experiments;308
12.7.4;D. Which control strains should be used?;310
12.7.5;E. Which Sex of Mice should be tested?;311
12.7.6;F. At what Age should Mice be tested?;312
12.7.7;G. Should Longitudinal or Cross-Sectional Methods be used in Developmental studies?;313
12.7.8;H. How Many Subjects should be used?;314
12.7.9;I. How should litter Effects be Controlled?;314
12.7.10;J. What Statistical Techniques should be used?;315
12.7.11;K. Summary of Section VII;316
12.8;VIII. The Test Room Environment;317
12.8.1;A. How should the Testing Room be designed?;317
12.8.2;B. When in the L:D cycle should mice be tested?;318
12.8.3;C. When and how should mice be handled?;320
12.8.4;D. Should mice be habituated to the test Apparatus Prior to testing?;320
12.8.5;E. Transportation of Animals to the Testing Room;321
12.8.6;F. Summary of Section VIII;322
12.9;IX. The Test Apparatus;322
12.9.1;A. Reliability and Validity;322
12.9.2;B. Apparatus Construction and Maintenance;324
12.9.3;C. Automated Equipment and Its Problems;325
12.9.4;D. Summary of Section IX;331
12.10;X. Experimenter Effects;331
12.10.1;A. Experimenter Errors;333
12.10.2;B. Procedural Errors;335
12.10.3;C. Animal Handling Errors;336
12.10.4;D. Familiarity with the Experimenter;336
12.10.5;E. Summary of Section X;336
12.11;XI. Publication Bias;337
12.12;XII. General Summary: What Have We Learned About Testing Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Diseases?;337
12.12.1;A. The Future of Neurobehavioral Phenotyping;338
12.13;Acknowledgments;341
12.14;References;341
13;Index;378
14;Contents of Previous Volumes;386mehr

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