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Mouse as a Model Organism

E-BookPDF1 - PDF WatermarkE-Book
165 Seiten
Englisch
Springer Netherlandserschienen am29.03.20112011
Cell culture based research is important for our understanding of biological processes at the cellular and molecular level. Using this approach, the previous decades have produced a wealth of mechanistic information in all areas of biomedical research. Such in vitro research, however, lacks the complexity of in vivo investigations, where many different cell types interact with each other in a normal, three-dimensional environment, with normal levels of cytokines and growth factors. Furthermore, complex human diseases, such as cancer, diabetes or chronic inflammation, can only be modeled in vivo. Due to its small size, its short reproduction time, and the possibility to introduce specific gene mutations, the mouse has become the favourite mammalian model organism to study in vivo function of genes during development and in disease. This book combines review articles on selected subjects presented at the symposium 'Mouse as a Model Organism - From Animals to Cells', held in Rovaniemi, Finland, 2009. Among other topics, high-throughput phenotyping of mouse mutants, mouse phenotypes dependent on nature and nuture, and a spectrum of in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro methods to study cancer in mice are described. This book will give an excellent introduction to scientists interested in the use of mice as a model to understand complex biological questions in the post-genomic era. It will highlight the possibilities, but also discuss the current problems and shortcomings, to give a realistic view of the current state-of-art in this fascinating field of biomedical research.mehr
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Produkt

KlappentextCell culture based research is important for our understanding of biological processes at the cellular and molecular level. Using this approach, the previous decades have produced a wealth of mechanistic information in all areas of biomedical research. Such in vitro research, however, lacks the complexity of in vivo investigations, where many different cell types interact with each other in a normal, three-dimensional environment, with normal levels of cytokines and growth factors. Furthermore, complex human diseases, such as cancer, diabetes or chronic inflammation, can only be modeled in vivo. Due to its small size, its short reproduction time, and the possibility to introduce specific gene mutations, the mouse has become the favourite mammalian model organism to study in vivo function of genes during development and in disease. This book combines review articles on selected subjects presented at the symposium 'Mouse as a Model Organism - From Animals to Cells', held in Rovaniemi, Finland, 2009. Among other topics, high-throughput phenotyping of mouse mutants, mouse phenotypes dependent on nature and nuture, and a spectrum of in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro methods to study cancer in mice are described. This book will give an excellent introduction to scientists interested in the use of mice as a model to understand complex biological questions in the post-genomic era. It will highlight the possibilities, but also discuss the current problems and shortcomings, to give a realistic view of the current state-of-art in this fascinating field of biomedical research.
Details
Weitere ISBN/GTIN9789400707504
ProduktartE-Book
EinbandartE-Book
FormatPDF
Format Hinweis1 - PDF Watermark
FormatE107
Erscheinungsjahr2011
Erscheinungsdatum29.03.2011
Auflage2011
Seiten165 Seiten
SpracheEnglisch
IllustrationenXIV, 165 p.
Artikel-Nr.1732567
Rubriken
Genre9200

Inhalt/Kritik

Inhaltsverzeichnis
1;Preface;5
2;Contents;7
3;Contributors;9
4;1 Genomic Insulators in Transgenic Animals;15
4.1;1.1 Introduction;16
4.2;1.2 Vertebrate Insulators in Animal Transgenesis;17
4.3;1.3 Transgenes and Insulator Elements From Tyr, Wap and Gh Mouse Loci;19
4.4;1.4 Perspectives;21
4.5;References;22
5;2 The German Mouse Clinic -- Running an Open Access Platform;25
5.1;2.1 Introduction;26
5.2;2.2 Standardized Workflow of the Primary Screen at the German Mouse Clinic;27
5.3;2.3 Workflow and Data Management at the GMC;30
5.4;2.4 Bone and Cartilage Phenotyping in Mice;32
5.5;2.5 Neurological Screening;33
5.6;2.6 Screening of Clinical Chemical and Hematological Parameters in Genetically Modified Mice: Considerations How to Assess a Mutant Phenotype;35
5.7;2.7 Immunological and Allergological Phenotyping;37
5.7.1;2.7.1 Analysis of Flow Cytometric Phenotyping Data;37
5.7.2;2.7.2 Immunoglobulins;38
5.8;2.8 Mouse Phenotyping by Steroid Quantification;39
5.9;2.9 Mouse Phenotyping by Targeted Metabolomics;40
5.10;2.10 Cardiovascular Screening;41
5.11;2.11 Systematic Mouse Phenotyping in Search of New Gene Candidates Playing a Role in Energy Homoeostasis;42
5.12;2.12 Diabetes Mouse Phenotyping;44
5.12.1;2.12.1 Diabetes Pathophysiology and Gene-Environment Interactions;44
5.12.2;2.12.2 The German Mouse Clinic Diabetes Screen;45
5.12.3;2.12.3 Environmental Challenges in the Diabetes Screen;46
5.13;2.13 The Introduction of the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Technology at the German Mouse Clinic;47
5.14;2.14 Molecular Phenotyping;47
5.15;2.15 The Histopathological Phenotyping of Mouse Models of Human Diseases in the German Mouse Clinic;48
5.15.1;2.15.1 Comprehensive Pathological Assessment;49
5.15.2;2.15.2 Background Strain Influences;49
5.15.3;2.15.3 Relation of the Pathology with Other Screens;50
5.15.4;2.15.4 Mouse Histopathology: Mirroring Human Conditions;50
5.16;2.16 Outlook;51
5.17;References;52
6;3 Nature and Nurture: Impacts on Mouse Phenotypes and Translational Research;59
6.1;3.1 Introduction;59
6.2;3.2 Condition: Retinal Degeneration;61
6.3;3.3 Condition: Microphthalmia;62
6.4;3.4 Condition: Glaucoma;62
6.5;3.5 Condition: Cataracts (and Corneal Opacities);62
6.6;3.6 Condition: Presbyacusis (Age Related Hearing Loss);63
6.7;3.7 Condition: Otitis Media (Inflammation in Middle Ear);64
6.8;3.8 Condition: Otitis Interna (Inflammation in Inner Ear);64
6.9;3.9 Condition: Arteritis, Polyarteritis;65
6.10;3.10 Condition: Brain (CNS), Infarction;65
6.11;3.11 Condition: Weakness, Wasting;66
6.12;3.12 Condition: Muscular Dystrophy;66
6.13;3.13 Condition: CNS, Demyelination;67
6.14;3.14 Condition: Hydrocephalus;67
6.15;3.15 Condition: CNS, Hypocallosity, Acallosity;68
6.16;3.16 Condition: Seizures;68
6.17;3.17 Condition: Neoplasia affecting CNS, vestibular system, special senses or other systems;69
6.18;3.18 Condition: Skin, Dermatitis (Mouse Ulcerative Dermatitis, MUD);70
6.19;3.19 Condition: Barbering;70
6.20;3.20 Mouse Tumor Phenotypes;71
6.21;3.21 Condition: Hematopoietic Neoplasia;72
6.22;3.22 Condition: Lung Tumors;73
6.23;3.23 Condition: Mammary Tumors;74
6.24;3.24 Condition: Liver Tumors;77
6.25;3.25 Condition: Tumors that are Not Neoplastic (abscesses and inflammation);78
6.26;3.26 Final Considerations;79
6.27;3.27 General Mouse Pathology Phenotyping References;79
6.28;References;80
7;4 The Informatics of High-Throughput Mouse Phenotyping: EUMODIC and Beyond;91
7.1;4.1 Introduction;91
7.2;4.2 Phenotyping Informatics;92
7.2.1;4.2.1 What Do We Need?;92
7.2.2;4.2.2 State of the Art;94
7.2.2.1;4.2.2.1 Protocol Data;94
7.2.2.2;4.2.2.2 Data Capture;95
7.2.2.3;4.2.2.3 Phenotype Databases;95
7.2.2.4;4.2.2.4 Data Transfer;96
7.2.2.5;4.2.2.5 Data Representation;96
7.2.2.6;4.2.2.6 Baseline Phenotype Data;96
7.2.2.7;4.2.2.7 Search Interfaces and Analysis Tools;97
7.2.2.8;4.2.2.8 Standards and Openness;97
7.2.3;4.2.3 Future Perspectives;99
7.3;References;100
8;5 Experimental Tumour Models in Mice;102
8.1;5.1 Introduction;102
8.2;5.2 The Mouse as a Model Organism in Cancer Research;103
8.3;5.3 What Constitutes an Optimal Mouse Model for Cancer Research?;104
8.4;5.4 Transplantable Tumour Models;105
8.4.1;5.4.1 Xenograft Models;106
8.4.2;5.4.2 Syngeneic Models;107
8.4.3;5.4.3 Orthotopic Models;107
8.5;5.5 Autochthonous Models;108
8.5.1;5.5.1 Spontaneous Tumour Models in Mice;109
8.5.2;5.5.2 Chemical Models;109
8.6;5.6 Genetic Models;110
8.6.1;5.6.1 Transgenic Models;111
8.6.2;5.6.2 Models with Targeted Gene Alterations;112
8.7;5.7 Concluding Remarks;113
8.8;References;114
9;6 Exploration of MMP Function in Mouse Models of Angiogenesis;118
9.1;6.1 Introduction;118
9.2;6.2 The Aortic Ring Assay;120
9.3;6.3 The Matrigel Plug Assay;122
9.4;6.4 The Transplantation Chamber Assay;122
9.5;6.5 Transgenic Mice Models of the Angiogenic Switch;123
9.6;6.6 Conclusions;125
9.7;References;125
10;7 Tumor-Stroma Interactions: Focus on Fibroblasts;129
10.1;7.1 Introduction;129
10.2;7.2 Fibroblasts Are Heterogeneous;130
10.3;7.3 Stroma Fibroblasts in Tumors Have Multiple Origins;130
10.4;7.4 Fibroblasts Are Activated in Tumors;131
10.5;7.5 Biomarkers for Stroma Fibroblasts and Myofibroblasts;132
10.6;7.6 Fibroblasts Affect Tumor Growth;133
10.7;7.7 Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor-Stroma Interactions;134
10.7.1;7.7.1 ECM;134
10.7.2;7.7.2 Integrins;135
10.7.3;7.7.3 Growth Factors;136
10.7.4;7.7.4 MMPs;137
10.8;7.8 Fibroblasts as Anti-cancer Targets;137
10.9;7.9 Future Directions;138
10.10;References;138
11;8 Experimental Procedures to Assay Invasion-Associated Activities of Primary Cultured Fibroblasts;143
11.1;8.1 Introduction;143
11.2;8.2 Isolation of Primary Cells;145
11.3;8.3 Collagen Type I Invasion;147
11.4;8.4 Matrigel Invasion;149
11.5;8.5 Monolayer Wound Healing Migration;151
11.6;8.6 Conclusion;153
11.7;References;153
12;9 Systemic Instigation: A Mouse Model to Study Breast Cancer as a Systemic Disease;156
12.1;9.1 The Clinical Challenges;157
12.2;9.2 The Discovery of Systemic Instigation;158
12.3;9.3 The Systemic Instigation Cascade;159
12.3.1;9.3.1 Instigating Tumors Facilitate Growth of Responding Tumors at Distant Anatomical Locations;159
12.3.2;9.3.2 Instigating Tumors Promote Metastatic Colonization;160
12.3.3;9.3.3 Instigating Tumors Secrete Osteopontin;161
12.3.4;9.3.4 Bone Marrow Cells Serve as the Intermediaries Between Instigating and Responding Tumors;163
12.3.5;9.3.5 Instigating Tumors Activate Bone Marrow Cells Prior to Their Mobilization;164
12.3.6;9.3.6 Instigating Tumors Perturb Primitive Hematopoietic Cells in the Bone Marrow;166
12.4;9.4 The Mice;166
12.5;9.5 The Experimental Applications;167
12.6;9.6 The Implications of Systemic Instigation;168
12.7;References;169
13;Index;174mehr