Produkt

KlappentextThe latest edition is the resource for any practicing OB/GYN, family physician, midwife, or pharmacist who prescribes medicinal products to or evaluates environmental or occupational exposures in women who are or may become pregnant. Based on the highly successful seven German editions of this reference, the up-to-date drug listings have been revised into a handy pocket guide color tabbed for quick access to important information. Easy to reference each drug is listed discussing the side effects, general impact on organ systems, potential toxicity, and risks before offering dosage recommendations. It is the only book of its kind to provide conclusive information on treatments for diseases during pregnancy and lactation and actions to be taken after (inadvertant) exposure to drugs suspected to be developmentaly toxic. Unlike other dosage guides, this edition is an affordable, compact compendium of knowledge on the very latest drugs and their effects on pregnant/lactating women.

* Provides conclusive information on the prevention of birth defects through the safe use of drugs before pregnancy, as well as during pregnancy and lactation

* Essential new information on herbs, vitamins, and nutrition supplements used during pregnancy

* Structured according to indication group, rather than alphabetically, providing a more user-friendly guide that makes it easier to compare drugs

* Includes a conveniently removable 'quick reference' card of most frequently used drugs and their safety

Details

Weitere ISBN/GTIN9780080549774

ProduktartE-Book

EinbandartE-Book

FormatPDF

Format HinweisDRM Adobe

Verlag

Elsevier Science & Techn.

Erscheinungsjahr2011

Erscheinungsdatum13.10.2011

Auflage2. Auflage

Seiten904 Seiten

SpracheEnglisch

Dateigrösse4570 Kbytes

Artikel-Nr.2744117

Rubriken

Genre9200

Inhalt/Kritik

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front cover;1
2;Drugs During Pregnancy and Lactation, Second edition;4
3;Copyright page;5
4;Contents;6
5;List of contributors;23
6;Preface;25
7;Notice;28
8;Chapter 1 General commentary on drug therapy and drug risks in pregnancy;30
8.1;1.1 Introduction;31
8.2;1.2 Development and health;32
8.3;1.3 Reproductive stages;32
8.4;1.4 Reproductive and developmental toxicology;35
8.5;1.5 Basic principles of drug-induced reproductive and developmental toxicology;38
8.6;1.6 Effects and manifestations;39
8.7;1.7 Pharmacokinetics in pregnancy;41
8.8;1.8 Passage of drugs to the unborn and fetal kinetics;42
8.9;1.9 Causes of developmental disorders;43
8.10;1.10 Embryo/fetotoxic risk assessment;44
8.11;1.11 Classification of drugs used in pregnancy;48
8.12;1.12 Paternal use of medicinal products;49
8.13;1.13 Communicating the risk of drug use in pregnancy;50
8.14;1.14 Risk communication prior to pharmacotherapeutic choice;51
8.15;1.15 Risk communication regarding the safety (or otherwise) of drugs already used in pregnancy;52
8.16;1.16 Teratology information centers;53
9;Chapter 2 Specific drug therapies during pregnancy;56
9.1;2.1 Analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs;57
9.1.1;2.1.1 Paracetamol (acetaminophen);57
9.1.2;2.1.2 Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid);58
9.1.3;2.1.3 Pyrazolone derivatives;61
9.1.4;2.1.4 Combination analgesic preparations;61
9.1.5;2.1.5 Opioid analgesics in general;62
9.1.6;2.1.6 Morphine;62
9.1.7;2.1.7 Codeine;63
9.1.8;2.1.8 Pethidine (meperidine);63
9.1.9;2.1.9 Fentanyl, alfentanil, remifentanil, and sufentanil;65
9.1.10;2.1.10 Other narco-analgesics and centrally acting analgesics;66
9.1.11;2.1.11 Naloxone;67
9.1.12;2.1.12 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs);67
9.1.13;2.1.13 Selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors;70
9.1.14;2.1.14 Migraine medications;71
9.1.15;2.1.15 Additional analgesics;73
9.1.16;2.1.16 Additional antiphlogistics and antirheumatics;73
9.1.17;2.1.17 Myotonolytics;76
9.1.18;2.1.18 Gout interval therapy;77
9.1.19;2.1.19 Gout attack therapy;78
9.2;2.2 Antiallergic drugs and desensitization;86
9.2.1;2.2.1 Antihistamines (H[sub(1)]-blocker);86
9.2.2;2.2.2 Glucocorticosteroids;89
9.2.3;2.2.3 Mast cell stabilizers;90
9.2.4;2.2.4 Immunotherapy;90
9.3;2.3 Antiasthmatic and cough medication;92
9.3.1;2.3.1 Asthma and pregnancy;92
9.3.2;2.3.2 Selective [sub(2)]-adrenergic agonists;93
9.3.3;2.3.3 Corticosteroids;94
9.3.4;2.3.4 Anticholinergic drugs;96
9.3.5;2.3.5 Theophylline;97
9.3.6;2.3.6 Cromoglycate, nedocromil, and lodoxamide;98
9.3.7;2.3.7 Other mast cell inhibitors;99
9.3.8;2.3.8 Antileukotrienes;99
9.3.9;2.3.9 Monoclonal antibodies and other asthma medications;100
9.3.10;2.3.10 Expectorants and mucolytic agents;100
9.3.11;2.3.11 Antitussives;101
9.3.12;2.3.12 Non-selective -adrenergic agonists;102
9.4;2.4 Antiemetics;107
9.4.1;2.4.1 Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy;107
9.4.2;2.4.2 Diet manipulations and treatment;108
9.4.3;2.4.3 Complementary treatment options;109
9.4.4;2.4.4 Acupuncture and acupressure;110
9.4.5;2.4.5 Hypnosis;111
9.4.6;2.4.6 Ginger;111
9.4.7;2.4.7 Antihistamines (H[sub(1)]-blockers);112
9.4.8;2.4.8 Dopamine antagonists;114
9.4.9;2.4.9 Pyridoxine (vitamin B[sub(6)]);115
9.4.10;2.4.10 Thiamine (vitamin B[sub(1)]);116
9.4.11;2.4.11 Serotonin antagonists;116
9.4.12;2.4.12 Glucocorticoids;117
9.4.13;2.4.13 Other agents with antiemetic properties;118
9.5;2.5 Gastrointestinal and antilipidemic agents and spasmolytics;123
9.5.1;2.5.1 Gastritis and peptic ulcer during pregnancy;123
9.5.2;2.5.2 Antacids and sucralfate;124
9.5.3;2.5.3 H[sub(2)]-receptor antagonists;126
9.5.4;2.5.4 Proton-pump inhibitors;127
9.5.5;2.5.5 Bismuth salts;128
9.5.6;2.5.6 Additional ulcer therapeutics;128
9.5.7;2.5.7 Helicobacter pylori therapy;130
9.5.8;2.5.8 Acids;131
9.5.9;2.5.9 Atropine and other anticholinergic spasmolytics;131
9.5.10;2.5.10 Cholinergics;132
9.5.11;2.5.11 Other prokinetic agents;133
9.5.12;2.5.12 Constipation during pregnancy;134
9.5.13;2.5.13 Stool-bulking agents;134
9.5.14;2.5.14 Hyperosmotic and saline laxatives;134
9.5.15;2.5.15 Diphenylmethanes;135
9.5.16;2.5.16 Anthraquinone derivatives;136
9.5.17;2.5.17 Castor oil;136
9.5.18;2.5.18 Lubricants and emollient laxatives;137
9.5.19;2.5.19 Antidiarrheals;137
9.5.20;2.5.20 Drugs for chronic inflammatory bowel disease;138
9.5.21;2.5.21 Dimeticon and plant-based carminatives;141
9.5.22;2.5.22 Chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid;141
9.5.23;2.5.23 Clofibrine acid derivatives and analogs;142
9.5.24;2.5.24 Cholesterol synthesis-enzyme inhibitors;143
9.5.25;2.5.25 Cholestyramine and other lipid reducers;144
9.5.26;2.5.26 Appetite suppressants, obesity and weight loss;145
9.6;2.6 Anti-infective agents;152
9.6.1;2.6.1 Penicillins;153
9.6.2;2.6.2 Cephalosporins;154
9.6.3;2.6.3 Other -lactam antibiotics and -lactamase inhibitors;155
9.6.4;2.6.4 Macrolide antibiotics;155
9.6.5;2.6.5 Lincomycin and clindamycin;157
9.6.6;2.6.6 Tetracyclines;157
9.6.7;2.6.7 Sulfonamides, trimethoprim, atovaquone, and pentamidine;158
9.6.8;2.6.8 Quinolones;160
9.6.9;2.6.9 Nitrofurantoin and other drugs for urinary tract infections;161
9.6.10;2.6.10 Aminoglycosides;162
9.6.11;2.6.11 Chloramphenicol;163
9.6.12;2.6.12 Metronidazole and other nitroimidazole antibiotics;164
9.6.13;2.6.13 Polypeptide antibiotics;165
9.6.14;2.6.14 Antimycotics in general;165
9.6.15;2.6.15 Nystatin;166
9.6.16;2.6.16 Clotrimazole and miconazole for topical use;166
9.6.17;2.6.17 Other local "conazole" antimycotics;167
9.6.18;2.6.18 Other local antimycotics;167
9.6.19;2.6.19 "Conazole" antimycotics for systemic use;168
9.6.20;2.6.20 Amphotericin B;169
9.6.21;2.6.21 Flucytosine;170
9.6.22;2.6.22 Griseofulvin;171
9.6.23;2.6.23 Terbinafine;171
9.6.24;2.6.24 Malaria prophylaxis and therapy in pregnancy;172
9.6.25;2.6.25 Chloroquine;173
9.6.26;2.6.26 Proguanil;173
9.6.27;2.6.27 Mefloquine;174
9.6.28;2.6.28 Pyrimethamine, sulfadoxine and dapsone;175
9.6.29;2.6.29 Quinine;176
9.6.30;2.6.30 Halofantrine;177
9.6.31;2.6.31 Primaquine;177
9.6.32;2.6.32 Artemisinin derivatives;178
9.6.33;2.6.33 Other malarial agents;179
9.6.34;2.6.34 Tuberculosis and pregnancy;180
9.6.35;2.6.35 Isoniazid (INH);181
9.6.36;2.6.36 Rifampicin;182
9.6.37;2.6.37 Ethambutol;182
9.6.38;2.6.38 Pyrazinamide (PZA);183
9.6.39;2.6.39 Aminoglycosides in tuberculosis;183
9.6.40;2.6.40 Para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS);183
9.6.41;2.6.41 Quinolones in tuberculosis;184
9.6.42;2.6.42 Other second-line antituberculous drugs;184
9.6.43;2.6.43 Dapsone;185
9.6.44;2.6.44 Aciclovir and other herpes antivirals;185
9.6.45;2.6.45 Antiviral drugs for influenza;187
9.6.46;2.6.46 Ribavirin;187
9.6.47;2.6.47 Other antiviral drugs;188
9.6.48;2.6.48 HIV prophylaxis and therapy;188
9.6.49;2.6.49 Mebendazole and flubendazole;191
9.6.50;2.6.50 Pyrviniumembonate;192
9.6.51;2.6.51 Albendazole and thiabendazole;193
9.6.52;2.6.52 Niclosamide;193
9.6.53;2.6.53 Praziquantel;194
9.6.54;2.6.54 Pyrantel;194
9.6.55;2.6.55 Ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine;195
9.6.56;2.6.56 Hyperthermia;195
9.6.57;2.6.57 Traveling;197
9.7;2.7 Vaccines and immunoglobulins;207
9.7.1;2.7.1 Vaccination and pregnancy;208
9.7.2;2.7.2 Cholera vaccine;209
9.7.3;2.7.3 Hemophilus influenza b (HIB) vaccine;209
9.7.4;2.7.4 Hepatitis A vaccine;209
9.7.5;2.7.5 Hepatitis B vaccine;210
9.7.6;2.7.6 Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccine;211
9.7.7;2.7.7 Influenza vaccine;211
9.7.8;2.7.8 Measles and mumps vaccines;212
9.7.9;2.7.9 Meningococcal meningitis vaccine;213
9.7.10;2.7.10 Pneumococcal vaccination;213
9.7.11;2.7.11 Poliomyelitis vaccine;213
9.7.12;2.7.12 Rabies vaccine;214
9.7.13;2.7.13 Rubella vaccine;215
9.7.14;2.7.14 Tetanus and diphtheria vaccines;216
9.7.15;2.7.15 Typhoid vaccine;216
9.7.16;2.7.16 Varicella vaccine;217
9.7.17;2.7.17 Yellow fever vaccine;218
9.7.18;2.7.18 Immunoglobulins;218
9.8;2.8 Heart and circulatory system drugs and diuretics;222
9.8.1;2.8.1 Arterial hypertension and pregnancy;223
9.8.2;2.8.2 -methyldopa;224
9.8.3;2.8.3 -adrenergic receptor blockers;225
9.8.4;2.8.4 Hydralazine and dihydralazine;227
9.8.5;2.8.5 Nifedipine and other calcium antagonists;229
9.8.6;2.8.6 ACE inhibitors;232
9.8.7;2.8.7 Angiotensin-II receptor antagonists;234
9.8.8;2.8.8 Clonidine;236
9.8.9;2.8.9 Diazoxide;237
9.8.10;2.8.10 Magnesium sulfate;237
9.8.11;2.8.11 Nitroprusside;238
9.8.12;2.8.12 Reserpine;238
9.8.13;2.8.13 Other antihypertensives;239
9.8.14;2.8.14 Pulmonary hypertension and its medication;240
9.8.15;2.8.15 Hypotension and antihypotensives;243
9.8.16;2.8.16 Dihydroergotamine;244
9.8.17;2.8.17 Adrenergic substances;245
9.8.18;2.8.18 Cardiac glycosides;245
9.8.19;2.8.19 Antiarrhythmic therapy of the pregnant woman and of the fetus;246
9.8.20;2.8.20 Nitrates and other so-called vasodilators;251
9.8.21;2.8.21 Cardiovascular drugs;252
9.8.22;2.8.22 Diuretics;253
9.8.23;2.8.23 Thiazide diuretics;253
9.8.24;2.8.24 Furosemide and other high-ceiling diuretics;254
9.8.25;2.8.25 Aldosterone antagonists;255
9.8.26;2.8.26 Amiloride and triamterene;256
9.8.27;2.8.27 Mannitol;256
9.9;2.9 Anticoagulant and fibrinolytic drugs;266
9.9.1;2.9.1 Pregnancy and coagulation;266
9.9.2;2.9.2 Heparins;268
9.9.3;2.9.3 Protamines;269
9.9.4;2.9.4 Low-dose aspirin (LDA);270
9.9.5;2.9.5 Other non-coumarin antithrombotic drugs;270
9.9.6;2.9.6 Vitamin K antagonists;271
9.9.7;2.9.7 Vitamin K;275
9.9.8;2.9.8 Fibrinolysis;276
9.9.9;2.9.9 Streptokinase;276
9.9.10;2.9.10 Other fibrinolytics;277
9.9.11;2.9.11 Inhibitors of fibrinolysis;278
9.9.12;2.9.12 Volume expanders;278
9.10;2.10 Antiepileptics;283
9.10.1;2.10.1 Epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs in pregnancy;284
9.10.2;2.10.2 Benzodiazepines;286
9.10.3;2.10.3 Carbamazepine;289
9.10.4;2.10.4 Ethosuximide and other succimides;290
9.10.5;2.10.5 Oxazolidine anticonvulsants;291
9.10.6;2.10.6 Phenobarbital and primidone;292
9.10.7;2.10.7 Phenytoin;295
9.10.8;2.10.8 Sultiam;297
9.10.9;2.10.9 Valproic acid;298
9.10.10;2.10.10 Felbamate;302
9.10.11;2.10.11 Gabapentin;302
9.10.12;2.10.12 Lamotrigine;303
9.10.13;2.10.13 Levetiracetam;305
9.10.14;2.10.14 Oxcarbazepine;306
9.10.15;2.10.15 Pregabalin;307
9.10.16;2.10.16 Tiagabine;307
9.10.17;2.10.17 Topiramate;308
9.10.18;2.10.18 Vigabatrin;308
9.10.19;2.10.19 Zonisamid;309
9.11;2.11 Psychotropic drugs;317
9.11.1;2.11.1 Tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants;318
9.11.2;2.11.2 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs);320
9.11.3;2.11.3 Monoaminoxidase inhibitors (MAOIs);325
9.11.4;2.11.4 Other antidepressants;326
9.11.5;2.11.5 Antipsychotic drugs and pregnancy - "classical" or atypical antipsychotics?;328
9.11.6;2.11.6 Phenothiazines and thioxanthenes;329
9.11.7;2.11.7 Butyrophenones;330
9.11.8;2.11.8 Atypical antipsychotic drugs;331
9.11.9;2.11.9 Other neuroleptic drugs;333
9.11.10;2.11.10 Lithium and other mood-stabilizers/antimanic agents;334
9.11.11;2.11.11 Barbiturates as sedative-hypnotic agents;335
9.11.12;2.11.12 Benzodiazepines;336
9.11.13;2.11.13 Zaleplon, zolpidem, and zopiclone;338
9.11.14;2.11.14 Other anxiolytic drugs;338
9.11.15;2.11.15 Chloral hydrate;339
9.11.16;2.11.16 Other sedative-hypnotic drugs;339
9.11.17;2.11.17 Psychoanaleptic drugs;340
9.11.18;2.11.18 Parkinson drugs;341
9.12;2.12 Immunomodulators;350
9.12.1;2.12.1 Immunomodulators in general;350
9.12.2;2.12.2 Azathioprine;351
9.12.3;2.12.3 Cyclosporine A;352
9.12.4;2.12.4 Selective immunosuppressants;353
9.12.5;2.12.5 Monoclonal antibodies as part of an immunomodulatory therapy;355
9.12.6;2.12.6 Interferons;356
9.12.7;2.12.7 Thalidomide;358
9.12.8;2.12.8 Other immunomodulators;359
9.13;2.13 Antineoplastic drugs;364
9.13.1;2.13.1 Cancer and pregnancy;364
9.13.2;2.13.2 Classification of the drugs used for chemotherapy;367
9.13.3;2.13.3 Vinca alkaloids and structural analogs;368
9.13.4;2.13.4 Podophyllotoxin derivatives;369
9.13.5;2.13.5 Nitrogen mustard agents;369
9.13.6;2.13.6 Nitrogen mustard analogs;370
9.13.7;2.13.7 Other alkylating agents;371
9.13.8;2.13.8 Cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotics;372
9.13.9;2.13.9 Other cytotoxic antibiotics;374
9.13.10;2.13.10 Folate antagonistic antimetabolites;375
9.13.11;2.13.11 Purine-derived antimetabolites (purine antagonists);378
9.13.12;2.13.12 Pyrimidine-derived antimetabolites (pyrimidine antagonists);379
9.13.13;2.13.13 Taxanes;381
9.13.14;2.13.14 Platin compounds;381
9.13.15;2.13.15 Other antineoplastic drugs;383
9.13.16;2.13.16 Enzymes and antibodies exerting antineoplastic effects;384
9.13.17;2.13.17 Antineoplastic drugs with endocrine effects;386
9.13.18;2.13.18 Cytostatic drugs of plant origin;387
9.13.19;2.13.19 Occupational handling of cytostatic drugs;387
9.14;2.14 Uterine contraction agents, tocolytics, vaginal therapeutics, and local contraceptives;397
9.14.1;2.14.1 Prostaglandins;397
9.14.2;2.14.2 Oxytocin;400
9.14.3;2.14.3 Ergot alkaloids (see also Chapter 2.1);401
9.14.4;2.14.4 Tocolytics in general;401
9.14.5;2.14.5 [sub(2)]-sympathomimetics;402
9.14.6;2.14.6 Calcium antagonists;402
9.14.7;2.14.7 Magnesium sulfate;403
9.14.8;2.14.8 Oxytocin receptor antagonists;404
9.14.9;2.14.9 Prostaglandin antagonists;404
9.14.10;2.14.10 Other tocolytics;404
9.14.11;2.14.11 Vaginal therapeutics;405
9.14.12;2.14.12 Spermicide contraceptives;406
9.14.13;2.14.13 Intrauterine devices;406
9.15;2.15 Hormones;410
9.15.1;2.15.1 Hypothalamic releasing hormones;411
9.15.2;2.15.2 Anterior pituitary hormones;413
9.15.3;2.15.3 Prolactin antagonists;415
9.15.4;2.15.4 Posterior pituitary hormones;416
9.15.5;2.15.5 Thyroid function and iodine supply during pregnancy;417
9.15.6;2.15.6 Hypothyroidism, triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4);418
9.15.7;2.15.7 Hyperthyroidism and thyrostatics;419
9.15.8;2.15.8 Glucocorticoids;421
9.15.9;2.15.9 Diabetes mellitus and pregnancy;426
9.15.10;2.15.10 Insulin;428
9.15.11;2.15.11 Oral antidiabetics;430
9.15.12;2.15.12 Estrogens;433
9.15.13;2.15.13 Progestins (gestagens);434
9.15.14;2.15.14 Diethylstilbestrol;437
9.15.15;2.15.15 Androgens and anabolics;437
9.15.16;2.15.16 Antiestrogens, antiandrogens, and danazol;438
9.15.17;2.15.17 Mifepristone (RU486);439
9.15.18;2.15.18 Clomiphene;440
9.16;2.16 General and local anesthetics and muscle relaxants;452
9.16.1;2.16.1 Halogenated inhalation agents for general anesthesia;453
9.16.2;2.16.2 Ether (diethyl ether);455
9.16.3;2.16.3 Nitrous oxide;456
9.16.4;2.16.4 Injectable anesthetics;456
9.16.5;2.16.5 Local anesthetics;460
9.16.6;2.16.6 Epidural and spinal analgesia/anesthesia in pregnancy;461
9.16.7;2.16.7 Muscle relaxants;462
9.16.8;2.16.8 Occupational exposure to inhalation anesthetics;463
9.17;2.17 Dermatological medications and local therapeutics;470
9.17.1;2.17.1 Typical skin changes during pregnancy;470
9.17.2;2.17.2 Anti-infective agents;471
9.17.3;2.17.3 Antiseptics and disinfectants;473
9.17.4;2.17.4 Astringents;476
9.17.5;2.17.5 Polidocanol;477
9.17.6;2.17.6 Camphor and menthol;477
9.17.7;2.17.7 Coal tar and slate oil preparations;477
9.17.8;2.17.8 Local immunomodulators and neurodermatitis therapy;478
9.17.9;2.17.9 Keratolytics;478
9.17.10;2.17.10 Retinoids for acne and psoriasis therapy;481
9.17.11;2.17.11 Photochemotherapy and fumaric acid;485
9.17.12;2.17.12 Sex hormones and cyproterone acetate;485
9.17.13;2.17.13 5-Fluorouracil;486
9.17.14;2.17.14 Lithium;486
9.17.15;2.17.15 Scabies and lice medications;487
9.17.16;2.17.16 Diethyltoluamide and icaridin;487
9.17.17;2.17.17 Eye, nose, and ear drops;488
9.17.18;2.17.18 Hemorrhoid medications;490
9.17.19;2.17.19 Vein therapeutics;491
9.17.20;2.17.20 Antihidrotica;491
9.17.21;2.17.21 Minoxidil;491
9.17.22;2.17.22 Cosmetics;492
9.18;2.18 Vitamins, minerals, and trace elements;496
9.18.1;2.18.1 Vitamin A (retinol);497
9.18.2;2.18.2 Vitamin B[sub(1)] (thiamine);499
9.18.3;2.18.3 Vitamin B[sub(2)] (riboflavin);499
9.18.4;2.18.4 Vitamin B[sub(3)] (nicotinamide);500
9.18.5;2.18.5 Vitamin B[sub(6)] (pyridoxine);500
9.18.6;2.18.6 Vitamin B[sub(12)] (cyanocobalamin);500
9.18.7;2.18.7 Folic acid;501
9.18.8;2.18.8 Vitamin C (ascorbic acid);503
9.18.9;2.18.9 Vitamin D group;504
9.18.10;2.18.10 Vitamin E (tocopherol);505
9.18.11;2.18.11 Vitamin K;505
9.18.12;2.18.12 Multivitamin preparations;506
9.18.13;2.18.13 Iron;506
9.18.14;2.18.14 Calcium;507
9.18.15;2.18.15 Fluoride;508
9.18.16;2.18.16 Strontium;508
9.18.17;2.18.17 Biphosphonates and other osteoporosis drugs;509
9.18.18;2.18.18 Iodide;510
9.18.19;2.18.19 Trace elements;510
9.19;2.19 Herbs during pregnancy;514
9.19.1;2.19.1 The safety of herbs during pregnancy;514
9.19.2;2.19.2 Counseling a pregnant woman about herbs;515
9.19.3;2.19.3 General concepts regarding the use of herbs during pregnancy;517
9.19.4;2.19.4 Herbs used as foods;518
9.19.5;2.19.5 Essential oils that are safe during pregnancy;518
9.19.6;2.19.6 Herbs frequently used during pregnancy;519
9.19.7;2.19.7 Herbs controversially used during pregnancy;520
9.19.8;2.19.8 Herbs contraindicated during pregnancy;520
9.20;2.20 Diagnostic agents;531
9.20.1;2.20.1 X-ray examinations;531
9.20.2;2.20.2 Ultrasound;534
9.20.3;2.20.3 Magnetic resonance imaging;535
9.20.4;2.20.4 Barium sulfate;536
9.20.5;2.20.5 Iodine-containing contrast media;536
9.20.6;2.20.6 Ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance contrast media;537
9.20.7;2.20.7 Radioactive isotopes;537
9.20.8;2.20.8 Stable isotopes;538
9.20.9;2.20.9 Dyes;539
9.20.10;2.20.10 Other diagnostic agents;539
9.21;2.21 Recreational drugs;543
9.21.1;2.21.1 Alcohol (ethanol);543
9.21.2;2.21.2 Caffeine and other xanthine derivatives;549
9.21.3;2.21.3 Tobacco and smoking;550
9.21.4;2.21.4 Drugs of abuse in general (excluding alcohol);554
9.21.5;2.21.5 Opiates;554
9.21.6;2.21.6 Stimulants;556
9.21.7;2.21.7 Hallucinogens;559
9.21.8;2.21.8 "Sniffed" substances;562
9.22;2.22 Poisonings and toxins;572
9.22.1;2.22.1 The general risk of poisoning in pregnancy;572
9.22.2;2.22.2 Treatment of poisoning in pregnancy;573
9.22.3;2.22.3 Chemicals;574
9.22.4;2.22.4 Medicines;578
9.22.5;2.22.5 Animal toxins;583
9.22.6;2.22.6 Mushrooms;584
9.22.7;2.22.7 Other plant toxins;585
9.22.8;2.22.8 Bacterial endotoxins;585
9.23;2.23 Occupational, industrial, and environmental agents;590
9.23.1;2.23.1 Solvent exposure in general;593
9.23.2;2.23.2 Formaldehyde and formalin;602
9.23.3;2.23.3 Chloroprene (chlorobutadiene);603
9.23.4;2.23.4 Cyanide;604
9.23.5;2.23.5 Photographic/printing chemicals;604
9.23.6;2.23.6 Pesticides;605
9.23.7;2.23.7 Phenoxyacetic acid derivatives and chlorinated dibenzo-dioxins;610
9.23.8;2.23.8 Metals;612
9.23.9;2.23.9 Hazardous waste landfill sites;619
9.23.10;2.23.10 Radiation associated with the nuclear industry;621
9.23.11;2.23.11 Video display terminals (VDTs);623
9.23.12;2.23.12 Mobile phones;625
9.23.13;2.23.13 Other sources of electromagnetic radiation;625
9.23.14;2.23.14 Electric shocks and lightning strikes;627
10;Chapter 3 General commentary on drug therapy and drug risk during lactation;638
10.1;3.1 The advantages of breastfeeding versus the risks of maternal medication;638
10.2;3.2 The passage of medications into the mother's milk;641
10.3;3.3 Infant characteristics;642
10.4;3.4 Milk plasma ratio;643
10.5;3.5 Amount of medication in the milk and relative dose;644
10.6;3.6 Toxicity of medications in the mother's milk;646
10.7;3.7 Medications that affect lactation;648
10.8;3.8 Breastfeeding support;649
11;Chapter 4 Specific drug therapies during lactation;650
11.1;4.1 Analgesics, antiphlogistics and anesthetics;652
11.1.1;4.1.1 Paracetamol;652
11.1.2;4.1.2 Acetylsalicylic acid;653
11.1.3;4.1.3 Opioid analgesics and other centrally acting analgesics;654
11.1.4;4.1.4 Classic nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs;656
11.1.5;4.1.5 Selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors;658
11.1.6;4.1.6 Pyrazolone- and phenylbutazone derivatives;658
11.1.7;4.1.7 Other antirheumatics;659
11.1.8;4.1.8 Migraine medications;660
11.1.9;4.1.9 Local anesthetics;661
11.1.10;4.1.10 Other medications used in connection with anesthesia;662
11.1.11;4.1.11 Myotonolytics;663
11.1.12;4.1.12 Gout therapy;664
11.2;4.2 Antiallergics, antiasthmatics, and antitussives;668
11.2.1;4.2.1 Antihistamines (H[sub(1)]-blockers);668
11.2.2;4.2.2 [sub(2)]-sympathomimetics for asthma treatment;670
11.2.3;4.2.3 Other sympathomimetics;671
11.2.4;4.2.4 Anticholinergics for asthma treatment;671
11.2.5;4.2.5 Theophylline;671
11.2.6;4.2.6 Cromoglycic acid and nedocromil;672
11.2.7;4.2.7 Corticoids;672
11.2.8;4.2.8 Leukotrien-receptor antagonists;673
11.2.9;4.2.9 Acetylcysteine and other mucolytics;673
11.2.10;4.2.10 Antitussives;673
11.3;4.3 Gastrointestinal drugs;677
11.3.1;4.3.1 Antacids;677
11.3.2;4.3.2 H[sub(2)]-receptor blockers and other ulcer therapeutics;678
11.3.3;4.3.3 Peristaltic stimulators;679
11.3.4;4.3.4 Cholinergics;680
11.3.5;4.3.5 Anticholinergic spasmolytics;681
11.3.6;4.3.6 Laxatives;681
11.3.7;4.3.7 Agents used for chronic inflammatory bowel diseases;682
11.3.8;4.3.8 Antidiarrheals for acute diarrhea;683
11.3.9;4.3.9 Carminatives;683
11.3.10;4.3.10 Lipid reducers;684
11.3.11;4.3.11 Chenodeoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid;684
11.3.12;4.3.12 Appetite suppressants;685
11.3.13;4.3.13 Antiemetics;685
11.4;4.4 Anti-infectives;688
11.4.1;4.4.1 Antibiotics in general;689
11.4.2;4.4.2 Penicillins, cephalosporins, and other -lactam antibiotics;689
11.4.3;4.4.3 Erythromycin and other macrolides;690
11.4.4;4.4.4 Tetracyclines;691
11.4.5;4.4.5 Dapsone, nitrofurantoin, and other drugs for urinary tract infections;691
11.4.6;4.4.6 Quinolones;692
11.4.7;4.4.7 Other antibiotics and urinary tract antiseptics;693
11.4.8;4.4.8 Nitroimidazole antibiotics;694
11.4.9;4.4.9 Aminoglycoside antibiotics;694
11.4.10;4.4.10 Tuberculostatics;695
11.4.11;4.4.11 Malarial drugs;696
11.4.12;4.4.12 Local antimycotics;697
11.4.13;4.4.13 Systemic antimycotics;697
11.4.14;4.4.14 Antihelminthics;698
11.4.15;4.4.15 Acyclovir, antiretroviral drugs, and other virustatics;699
11.5;4.5 Vaccines and immunoglobulins;703
11.5.1;4.5.1 Maternal immunization;703
11.5.2;4.5.2 Efficacy of immunization in breastfed infants;704
11.5.3;4.5.3 Hepatitis A vaccine;704
11.5.4;4.5.4 Hepatitis B vaccine;704
11.5.5;4.5.5 Influenza vaccine;705
11.5.6;4.5.6 Polio vaccine;705
11.5.7;4.5.7 Rabies vaccine;706
11.5.8;4.5.8 Rubella vaccine;706
11.5.9;4.5.9 Smallpox vaccine;706
11.5.10;4.5.10 Typhoid vaccine;707
11.5.11;4.5.11 Immunoglobulins;707
11.6;4.6 Cardiovascular drugs and diuretics;709
11.6.1;-receptor blockers;709
11.6.2;4.6.2 Hydralazine;711
11.6.3;4.6.3 -methyldopa;711
11.6.4;4.6.4 Calcium antagonists;712
11.6.5;4.6.5 ACE inhibitors;713
11.6.6;4.6.6 Angiotensin-II receptor-antagonists;713
11.6.7;4.6.7 Other antihypertensives;714
11.6.8;4.6.8 Dihydroergotamine and other antihypotensives;715
11.6.9;4.6.9 Digitalis;715
11.6.10;4.6.10 Antiarrhythmics;716
11.6.11;4.6.11 Diuretics;719
11.6.12;4.6.12 Circulatory drugs and vasodilators;720
11.7;4.7 Anticoagulants and fibrinolytics;724
11.7.1;4.7.1 Heparin;724
11.7.2;4.7.2 Vitamin K antagonists (coumarin derivatives and indanediones);725
11.7.3;4.7.3 Other anticoagulants;725
11.7.4;4.7.4 Fibrinolytics;726
11.8;4.8 Antiepileptics;728
11.8.1;4.8.1 Carbamazepine;729
11.8.2;4.8.2 Clobazam and clonazepam;729
11.8.3;4.8.3 Ethosuximide and mesuximide;730
11.8.4;4.8.4 Phenobarbitone (phenobarbital), primidone, and barbexaclone;730
11.8.5;4.8.5 Phenytoin;731
11.8.6;4.8.6 Valproic acid;731
11.8.7;4.8.7 Recommendations: classical anticonvulsants;732
11.8.8;4.8.8 Gabapentin;732
11.8.9;4.8.9 Lamotrigine;733
11.8.10;4.8.10 Levetiracetam;733
11.8.11;4.8.11 Oxcarbazepine;733
11.8.12;4.8.12 Topiramate;734
11.8.13;4.8.13 Vigabatrin;734
11.8.14;4.8.14 Zonisamide;734
11.8.15;4.8.15 Recommendations: newer antiepileptics;734
11.9;4.9 Psychotropic drugs;737
11.9.1;4.9.1 Antidepressants in general;737
11.9.2;4.9.2 Tri- and tetracyclic antidepressants;738
11.9.3;4.9.3 Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors;743
11.9.4;4.9.4 Other antidepressants;747
11.9.5;4.9.5 Phenothiazine and thioxanthene neuroleptics;749
11.9.6;4.9.6 Butyrophenones;753
11.9.7;4.9.7 Atypical neuroleptics;753
11.9.8;4.9.8 Antimanic drugs;756
11.9.9;4.9.9 Benzodiazepines;756
11.9.10;4.9.10 Other anxiolytics;759
11.9.11;4.9.11 Other hypnotics;760
11.9.12;4.9.12 Psychoanaleptics;761
11.9.13;4.9.13 Parkinson drugs;761
11.10;4.10 Immunomodulating and antineoplastic agents;767
11.10.1;4.10.1 Immunosuppressive and immune antineoplastic agents;767
11.10.2;4.10.2 Antineoplastics;769
11.11;4.11 Hormones and hormone antagonists;775
11.11.1;4.11.1 Pituitary and hypothalamic hormones;775
11.11.2;4.11.2 Methylergometrine (methylergonovine);776
11.11.3;4.11.3 Bromocriptine and other prolactin inhibitors;777
11.11.4;4.11.4 Thyroid hormones and thyroid receptor antibodies;778
11.11.5;4.11.5 Thyrostatics;779
11.11.6;4.11.6 Iodine;780
11.11.7;4.11.7 Corticosteroids;781
11.11.8;4.11.8 Adrenaline;782
11.11.9;4.11.9 Insulin and oral antidiabetics;783
11.11.10;4.11.10 Estrogens, gestagens, and hormonal contraceptives;784
11.11.11;4.11.11 Androgens and anabolics;786
11.11.12;4.11.12 Cyproterone acetate and other sex-hormone inhibitors;786
11.11.13;4.11.13 Prostaglandins;787
11.12;4.12 Dermatological drugs and local therapeutics;791
11.12.1;4.12.1 General aspects of external applications: cosmetics, hair products, sunscreens;791
11.12.2;4.12.2 Medications for lice and scabies;792
11.12.3;4.12.3 Treatments for acne and psoriasis;794
11.12.4;4.12.4 Other dermatological medications;795
11.12.5;4.12.5 Eye, ear, and nose drops;795
11.12.6;4.12.6 Vaginal therapeutics;796
11.12.7;4.12.7 Vein therapeutics and other local therapeutics;797
11.13;4.13 Alternative remedies, vitamins, and minerals;800
11.13.1;4.13.1 Alternative remedies and phytotherapeutics;800
11.13.2;4.13.2 Herbal galactogogues and anti-galactogogues;802
11.13.3;4.13.3 Topical treatment for breast problems;804
11.13.4;4.13.4 Vitamins, minerals, and trace elements;804
11.13.5;4.13.5 Biphosphonates;805
11.13.6;4.13.6 Exercise;806
11.13.7;4.13.7 Glucose 6-phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency;806
11.14;4.14 Diagnostics;808
11.14.1;4.14.1 X-ray studies, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance;808
11.14.2;4.14.2 Iodine-containing contrast media;809
11.14.3;4.14.3 Radionuclides;810
11.14.4;4.14.4 Magnetic resonance contrast agents;811
11.14.5;4.14.5 Fluorescein;812
11.14.6;4.14.6 Other diagnostics;813
11.15;4.15 Infections;815
11.15.1;4.15.1 Simple infections;815
11.15.2;4.15.2 Mastitis;816
11.15.3;4.15.3 Hepatitis A;816
11.15.4;4.15.4 Hepatitis B;817
11.15.5;4.15.5 Hepatitis C;817
11.15.6;4.15.6 Hepatitis E;819
11.15.7;4.15.7 Herpes simplex;819
11.15.8;4.15.8 Herpes zoster (shingles), chickenpox;820
11.15.9;4.15.9 HIV infection;820
11.15.10;4.15.10 Human cytomegalovirus;822
11.15.11;4.15.11 Tuberculosis;823
11.15.12;4.15.12 Other infectious diseases;823
11.16;4.16 Recreational drugs;826
11.16.1;4.16.1 Alcohol;826
11.16.2;4.16.2 Caffeine;827
11.16.3;4.16.3 Cannabis;829
11.16.4;4.16.4 Cocaine;829
11.16.5;4.16.5 Nicotine;830
11.16.6;4.16.6 Opiates, including methadone;832
11.16.7;4.16.7 Other drugs;833
11.17;4.17 Plant toxins;837
11.18;4.18 Industrial chemicals and environmental contaminants;839
11.18.1;4.18.1 Persistent organochlorine compounds (pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins);840
11.18.2;4.18.2 Mercury;845
11.18.3;4.18.3 Lead;847
11.18.4;4.18.4 Cadmium;848
11.18.5;4.18.5 Other contaminants;849
11.18.6;4.18.6 Breastfeeding despite environmental contaminants?;850
11.18.7;4.18.7 Breastfeeding and the workplace;851
12;Appendix A: Teratology information services and centers;856
13;Appendix B: Addresses for breastfeeding support;868
14;Subject Index;882
14.1;A;882
14.2;B;884
14.3;C;885
14.4;D;887
14.5;E;889
14.6;F;890
14.7;G;890
14.8;H;891
14.9;I;892
14.10;J;893
14.11;K;893
14.12;L;893
14.13;M;894
14.14;N;896
14.15;O;897
14.16;P;897
14.17;Q;899
14.18;R;900
14.19;S;900
14.20;T;901
14.21;U;903
14.22;V;903
14.23;W;904
14.24;X;904
14.25;Y;904
14.26;Z;904mehr

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Drugs During Pregnancy and Lactation

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Drugs During Pregnancy and Lactation

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