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Developing Adaptation Policy and Practice in Europe: Multi-level Governance of Climate Change

E-BookPDF1 - PDF WatermarkE-Book
376 Seiten
Englisch
Springer Netherlandserschienen am14.09.20102010
Mitigation will not be sufficient for us to avoid climate change and we will need to adapt to its consequences. This book targets the development of adaptation policy in European countries with different relations between central and regional/local government.mehr
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Produkt

KlappentextMitigation will not be sufficient for us to avoid climate change and we will need to adapt to its consequences. This book targets the development of adaptation policy in European countries with different relations between central and regional/local government.
Details
Weitere ISBN/GTIN9789048193257
ProduktartE-Book
EinbandartE-Book
FormatPDF
Format Hinweis1 - PDF Watermark
FormatE107
Erscheinungsjahr2010
Erscheinungsdatum14.09.2010
Auflage2010
Seiten376 Seiten
SpracheEnglisch
IllustrationenXXIII, 376 p.
Artikel-Nr.1713616
Rubriken
Genre9200

Inhalt/Kritik

Inhaltsverzeichnis
1;Acknowledgements;4
2;Contents;6
3;Contributors;11
4;Abbreviations;12
5;1 Introduction Adaptation to Climate Change in Europe: Theoretical Framework and Study Design;19
5.1;1.1 Introduction;19
5.2;1.2 Theoretical Background;22
5.2.1;1.2.1 Multi-Level Governance and the Capacity to Act on Adaptation;22
5.2.2;1.2.2 Adaptive Capacity;25
5.2.3;1.2.3 Governance and Adaptive Capacity on Different Levels;29
5.2.3.1;1.2.3.1 The Role of the National Level;29
5.2.3.2;1.2.3.2 Regional Level;33
5.2.3.3;1.2.3.3 Local Level;35
5.2.3.4;1.2.3.4 The Role of the EU;37
5.2.3.5;1.2.3.5 The Role of Non-governmental Actors;39
5.2.4;1.2.4 Attempts to Bridge Sectors and Levels: Connecting Governance and Adaptive Capacity;40
5.2.4.1;1.2.4.1 Who Is to Adapt?;41
5.2.4.2;1.2.4.2 What Are Actors Adapting to, and by What Means?;42
5.2.4.3;1.2.4.3 The Potential for Policy Transfer of Adaptation Options;44
5.3;1.3 Method;46
5.3.1;1.3.1 National Case Study Selection;46
5.3.2;1.3.2 Nested Regional and Local Studies in the Four Main Cases;48
5.3.3;1.3.3 Research Material;49
5.4;1.4 Outline of the Volume;50
5.5;References;52
6;2 Addressing Adaptation in the EU Policy Framework;57
6.1;2.1 Introduction;58
6.2;2.2 From the ECCP to the Green and White Papers on Adaptation;60
6.2.1;2.2.1 EU-Funded Research and Resources;63
6.2.2;2.2.2 The ECCP and the Development of National Adaptation Strategies;65
6.2.3;2.2.3 Potential Consequences of the National Level Approach;67
6.2.4;2.2.4 Sectoral Policies and Early Warning Systems in the EU;69
6.3;2.3 From Policy Linkage to Ecosystem Preservation;74
6.3.1;2.3.1 Water and Policy Linkage;74
6.3.2;2.3.2 The Water Management Policy Framework;82
6.3.3;2.3.3 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Preservation;91
6.3.4;2.3.4 Permanence vs. Flexibility;94
6.3.5;2.3.5 The Biodiversity Policy Framework;98
6.4;2.4 From the Water Towers of Europe to Ecosystem Preservation;100
6.5;2.5 On the Governance of Adaptation: Goal Conflict And Institutional Confusion;103
6.6;2.6 Conclusions;108
6.7;References;109
7;3 Climate Change Adaptation in the United Kingdom: England and South-East England;115
7.1;3.1 Introduction;115
7.2;3.2 National Level;117
7.2.1;3.2.1 Environmental Policy in the UK and the Establishment of Adaptation as a Priority;117
7.2.2;3.2.2 National Legislative, Policy and Planning Frameworks on Adaptation;121
7.2.2.1;3.2.2.1 The Climate Change Act;121
7.2.2.2;3.2.2.2 Local Performance Assessment;123
7.3;Box 3.1 The progress levels in the NI 188 indicator with technical definitions of each level;124
7.3.1;3.2.2.3 Adaptation and the Planning System;126
7.3.2;3.2.3 Creating Multi-Level Linkages: The UK Climate Impacts Programme (UKCIP);128
7.4;3.3 Regional Level;131
7.4.1;3.3.1 Regional Climate Change Partnerships: Climate South East;132
7.4.2;3.3.2 Regional Planning and Administration;134
7.5;3.4 Local Level;137
7.5.1;3.4.1 Adaptation and the Structure of Local Government;137
7.5.2;3.4.2 Actions at Selected Local Authorities in the South East;139
7.5.2.1;3.4.2.1 Hampshire County Council and Winchester City Council;139
7.5.2.2;3.4.2.2 Portsmouth City Council;143
7.5.2.3;3.4.2.3 Surrey County Council and Woking Borough Council;145
7.6;3.5 The Role of the EU;148
7.7;3.6 The Participation of Voluntary and NGO Networks;150
7.8;3.7 Adaptation as an Issue: Shifts in Thinking, Policy Transfer and Integration Across Levels;151
7.8.1;3.7.1 Policy Transfer Between Contexts?;151
7.8.1.1;3.7.1.1 The Domestic Context;152
7.8.1.2;3.7.1.2 The International Context;154
7.8.2;3.7.2 Adaptation as a Shift in Thinking;156
7.9;3.8 Conclusion;158
7.10;References;161
8;4 Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation: The Case of Multi-Level Governance in Finland;166
8.1;4.1 Introduction;166
8.2;4.2 Background;167
8.2.1;4.2.1 Environmental Policy in Finland;169
8.3;4.3 National Climate Policy;170
8.3.1;4.3.1 National Climate and Energy Strategy 2001;171
8.3.2;4.3.2 Revised National Climate and Energy Strategy 2005;172
8.4;Box 4.1 Measures for implementation at the Municipal level (adapted from Valtioneuvosto, 2005 );172
8.4.1;4.3.3 Revised National Climate and Energy Strategy 2008;173
8.5;4.4 National Adaptation Policy;174
8.5.1;4.4.1 Preparation of the National Strategy;174
8.5.2;4.4.2 Key Projected Impacts of Climate Change;175
8.5.3;4.4.3 The National Adaptation Strategy;176
8.6;Box 4.2 Sectors considered in the National Adaptation Strategy (adapted from Marttila et al., 2005 );176
8.6.1;4.4.4 Implementation of the NAS;177
8.7;Box 4.3 Adaptation measures in the environment administration (Ympäristöministeriön työryhmä 2008);178
8.7.1;4.4.5 Evaluating the Implementation of the NAS;179
8.8;Box 4.4 Indicator of progress on adaptation (adapted from Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, 2009 );181
8.8.1;4.4.6 Role of Research in Climate Change Adaptation;183
8.9;4.5 The Role of the European Union in Climate Policy;185
8.10;4.6 Other Actors in Climate Change Adaptation;186
8.11;4.7 Sub-national Level Adaptation Work;187
8.11.1;4.7.1 Uusimaa Regional Council Climate Strategy;189
8.11.2;4.7.2 Climate Strategy for Helsinki Metropolitan Area Council 2030;191
8.11.3;4.7.3 Climate Strategy for the KUUMA-partnership;192
8.11.4;4.7.4 Espoo Preparedness Strategy;193
8.11.5;4.7.5 Integration of Adaptation into Policy-Making;195
8.12;4.8 Challenges and Opportunities of Multi-Scale Adaptation;196
8.13;4.9 Conclusions;200
8.14;References;200
9;5 Adapting to Climate Change in Sweden: National Policy Development and Adaptation Measures in Vstra Gtaland;205
9.1;5.1 Introduction;205
9.2;5.2 National Level;208
9.2.1;5.2.1 Swedish Work on Climate Change of Particular Relevance for Adaptation;208
9.2.2;5.2.2 The Commission on Climate and Vulnerability;211
9.2.3;5.2.3 National Legislation, Regulation and Measures Taken on Adaptation;214
9.2.3.1;5.2.3.1 Implementation of the Commission on Climate and Vulnerability: The 2009 Bill, Regulation Letter Appointments and Budget Allowances;214
9.2.3.2;5.2.3.2 Independent Initiatives at the National Level;220
9.3;5.3 Regional Level;221
9.3.1;5.3.1 Impacts and Authority at the Regional Level;221
9.3.1.1;5.3.1.1 General Responsibilities of the County Administrative Board;222
9.3.1.2;5.3.1.2 Coordination of Water Issues;223
9.4;5.4 Local Level;225
9.4.1;5.4.1 Municipal Climate Change Networks and Responsibilities;225
9.4.2;5.4.2 Municipal Case Studies;228
9.4.2.1;5.4.2.1 The Development of Adaptation Measures in Gothenburg;228
9.4.2.2;5.4.2.2 The Development of Adaptation Measures in Mälndal, Trollhättan and Munkedal;232
9.5;5.5 Actors Beyond Government and Administration;234
9.5.1;5.5.1 The Role of the Private Sector;234
9.5.2;5.5.2 Impacts of the EU Level;236
9.6;5.6 The Distribution of Responsibility for Adaptation to Climate Change;237
9.6.1;5.6.1 Responsibility for Adaptation Across Governmental Levels;237
9.6.2;5.6.2 Policy Transfer and 'Lesson-Drawing';241
9.7;5.7 Conclusion;242
9.8;References;245
10;6 'Planning for Today': The Nature and Emergence of Adaptation Measures in Italy;249
10.1;6.1 Introduction;249
10.2;6.2 Italian Environmental Policy: Evolution and Current Issues;250
10.3;6.3 Entry into the Climate Change Arena: Mitigation Policies and Programmes;255
10.4;6.4 Adaptation and the Italian State;256
10.4.1;6.4.1 From Impacts to Adaptation: 1995--2007;257
10.4.2;6.4.2 The National Climate Change Conference: 2007;261
10.5;Box 6.1 Priority areas for adaptation intervention identified by the NCCC (2007);262
10.5.1;6.4.3 National Adaptation to Climate Change: The Present;264
10.6;6.5 Adaptation at Sub-national Scales;266
10.7;Box 6.2 Examples of planned climate change adaptation activities in Italy;267
10.7.1;6.5.1 Adaptation in the Region of Emilia-Romagna;268
10.7.2;6.5.2 Adaptation Actions in the Province of Ferrara;274
10.7.3;6.5.3 Adaptation at the Municipal Level: the Municipality of Ferrara;278
10.8;6.6 Conclusion: Multi-Level Governance in Italian Adaptation;281
10.9;References;284
11;7 Planned Adaptation Measures in Industrialised Countries: A Comparison of Select Countries Within and Outside the EU;287
11.1;7.1 Introduction;287
11.2;7.2 Approach and Methods;288
11.3;7.3 Background: Adaptation Actions Across Europe;289
11.4;7.4 Adaptation Across Scales: Examples from the European Context;291
11.4.1;7.4.1 Austria;293
11.4.1.1;7.4.1.1 The Development of a National Adaptation Strategy;293
11.4.1.2;7.4.1.2 Regional and Local Actions in Adaptation;295
11.4.2;7.4.2 France;296
11.4.2.1;7.4.2.1 Climate Research and Policy Development;297
11.5;7.5 Box 7.1The nine axes of the French National Adaptation strategy;291
11.5.1;7.4.2.2 Engagement at Regional and Local Scales;300
11.5.2;7.4.3 Germany;301
11.5.2.1;7.4.3.1 German Adaptation Policy: The 2008 National Adaptation Strategy;302
11.5.2.2;7.4.3.2 Independent Länder Policy Development;303
11.5.2.3;7.4.3.3 The Role of Local Authorities;305
11.5.3;7.4.4 Greece;307
11.5.3.1;7.4.4.1 Sectoral Policies and EU Incentives in Greek Adaptation;307
11.5.3.2;7.4.4.2 Limited Regional and Local Action;309
11.5.4;7.4.5 Hungary;309
11.5.4.1;7.4.5.1 The Hungarian National Adaptation Strategy;310
11.5.4.2;7.4.5.2 The Regional and Local Level;312
11.5.5;7.4.6 Netherlands;313
11.5.5.1;7.4.6.1 Climate-Proofing Spatial Planning in the Netherlands;314
11.5.5.2;7.4.6.2 Regional and Local Actions and Responsibilities;316
11.6;Box 7.2 Sub-national responsibilities under the Dutch National Adaptation Strategy (VROM, 2008);316
11.6.1;7.4.7 Norway;318
11.6.1.1;7.4.7.1 Development of National Adaptation Initiatives;319
11.6.1.2;7.4.7.2 The Allocation of Adaptation Responsibilities;321
11.6.1.3;7.4.7.3 Local Engagement with Adaptation;322
11.6.2;7.4.8 Spain;324
11.6.2.1;7.4.8.1 The National Climate Change Adaptation Plan (NCCAP);324
11.6.2.2;7.4.8.2 Regional and Local Adaptation Actions;326
11.7;7.5 Beyond Europe: Adaptation Actions in Canada and Australia;328
11.7.1;7.5.1 Australia;328
11.7.1.1;7.5.1.1 National Sectoral Research and the Development of Adaptation Plans;329
11.7.1.2;7.5.1.2 Australian State Engagement with Adaptation;332
11.7.1.3;7.5.1.3 Support for Adaptation at the Local Level;333
11.7.2;7.5.2 Canada;334
11.7.2.1;7.5.2.1 National Research and (in)Action;335
11.7.2.2;7.5.2.2 Provincial Governments;336
11.7.2.3;7.5.2.3 Municipal Governments;337
11.8;7.6 Discussion: The Emergence of Adaptation;338
11.8.1;7.6.1 Diverging Steering Abilities in Federal and Unitary States;339
11.8.2;7.6.2 Multi-Level Governance: Decentralisation and the Participation of Sub-national Authorities;341
11.8.3;7.6.3 The Relevance of National Environmental Policy Implementation;343
11.8.4;7.6.4 Stakeholder Participation and the Role of NGOs and the EU;345
11.9;7.7 Conclusions;347
11.10;References;348
12;8 Conclusion: The Development of Adaptive Capacity and Adaptation Measures in European Countries;355
12.1;8.1 Introduction;355
12.2;8.2 National Level and General Political System Features;357
12.2.1;8.2.1 Structure of the Political and Planning System;357
12.2.2;8.2.2 The Role of Environmental Policy Institutionalisation;360
12.2.3;8.2.3 The Role of Focusing Events and Other Contextual Features;363
12.3;8.3 Regional Level;366
12.4;8.4 Local Level;368
12.5;8.5 The Role of the EU;370
12.6;8.6 Actors Beyond Government and Administration;372
12.7;8.7 Types of Adaptation;374
12.8;8.8 Lessons for Current and Future Adaptation;377
12.9;8.9 Conclusion: Does Adaptation Require a Change in Thinking?;379
12.10;References;381
13;Index;383mehr